ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ )ﻪﺑ ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ: Psychology( ، ﻩﺪﻧﺯ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ِﻦﻫﺫ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺍﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ٔﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ـ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﺨﺑ ـ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺵﻭﺭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻤﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺎﺑ ،ﯽﻣﺩﺁ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ ،ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﻭﺭ ،ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ،ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﯿﻈﻧ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻒﯾﺎﻇﻭ ﺯﺍ …ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻭ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﭻﯿﻫ ًﺎﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ ،ﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ٔﻪﺸﯾﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﮎﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻤﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﯼﺍﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ؛ﺪﺷﺎﺒﻧ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﯾﺍ ﯽﻨﺘﺴﺴﮔ ﺎﻧ ﯼﺪﻧﻮﯿﭘ ﻥﺭﺪﻣ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﯽﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭ ﯼﮊﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗ ،ﻢﻠﻋ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻩﻭﻼﻌﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﯼﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﻗﻭ ﯽﻣﺩﺁ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ،ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻩﺎﻓﺭ ،ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﯾﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ؛ﺪﻨﮐ ﺍﺪﯿﭘ ﻪﺸﯾﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﯿﻣ ﺭﺩ ﯼﺭﻮﻬﻇﻮﻧ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﯽﺘﺣ ﻭ ﺕﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾﺁﯽﻣ ﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﺮﺸﺑ ﺕﺎﯿﻨﻫﺫ ﻭ ﺭﺎﮑﻓﺍ ؛ﺪﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﭼ ﻭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﯼﺮﯿﮕﺸﯿﭘ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ،ﻞﺣ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺍﺩﻪﯾﻼﻃ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻠﺣ ﻩﺍﺭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺧﺎﺷﺍﺮﻓﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ؛ﺖﺴﯾﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ِﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ِﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﯿﻏ ،ﺎﻫﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﻋﺍﺰﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ـ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ـ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﻞﯿﻟﺩ ،ﻥﺁ » ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﯼﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻣﺍﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺵﻭﺭﻭ ،« ،ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺸﺨﺑ ِﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﯼﻩﺮﯾﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺱﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﯾﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﯿﻘﻋ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ؛ﺪﻧﺎﺸﮐﯽﻣ ﺮﺛﺄﻣ ﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺪﻨﯾﺍﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯼﺎﯿﻧﺩ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ،ﺰﯿﻧ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺬﻟ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﺪﯾﺎﺷ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ .ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺼﺤﻨﻣ ﯼﺍﻩﺰﯿﻣﺁ ًﺎﺘﻘﯿﻘﺣ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺖﺴﯾﺯ ﺮﯿﻈﻧ ﯽﻧﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺎﺑﺯ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ .ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ …ﻭ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻪﺑ ،ﮏﯿﻣﺩﺎﮐﺁ ﻭ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻢﻫﺪﺠﻫ ﻥﺮﻗ ﻞﯾﺍﻭﺍ ﻭ ﻢﻫﺪﻔﻫ ﻥﺮﻗ ﺮﺧﺍﻭﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﺸﺘﮐﺍ ﺖﻔﮔ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ؛ﺩﺩﺮﮕﯿﻣﺯﺎﺑ ۱۵۰ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻭ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﺶﯿﭘ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺮﺗﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﯼﺍﻪﭽﺨﯾﺭﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﮐ ﻦﻫﺫ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺮﺗﺭﺎﺑﺮﭘ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺮﮑﻔﺘﻣ ﻦﻫﺫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺎﻫﻥﺮﻗ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻣﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺏﻮﺘﮑﻣ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻝﻮﻐﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻃﻼﻓﺍ ،ﻁﺍﺮﻘﺳ ﻥﻮﭼ ﯽﻧﺍﺮﮑﻔﺘﻣ ﻭ ﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﯾ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻮﻄﺳﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻭﺪﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﯾﺪﺟ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺶﯿﭘ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﮏﯿﻣﺩﺎﮐﺁ [۱]. ﺖﻐﻟ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ٔﻪﻤﻠﮐ Psychology :ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺶﯾﺍﻭﺁ ﺎﺑ / saɪˈkɑlədʒi/ ) ﺪﯿﻫﺪﺑ ﺵﻮﮔ( ﺎﻤﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﯾ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺯﺍ Ψυχολογία ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺍﻭ ٔﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻦﯾﺍ ؛ﻩﺪﺷ ψυχή ﻭ λόγος ،ﺽﺎﻤﻏﺍ ﯽﻤﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ؛ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ «ﺡﻭﺭ ٔﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ» ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ )ﻪﺑ ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ: Study of Soul( ﺪﻧﺍﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑ [۲]. Psyche ٔﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺐﻟﺎﺟ )ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﯾ: ψυχή( ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﯾ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ «ﺡﻭﺭ» )ﻪﺑ ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍSoul :( ﻭ ،ﺪﻫﺩﯽﻣ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ «ﻞﻘﻋ» ﺎﯾ «ﻦﻫﺫ» ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ )ﻪﺑ ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ: Mind( ﺩﺮﯿﮔﯽﻤﻧ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ [۳] ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ ، ِﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﯾ ٔﻩﮊﺍﻭ ،ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﺞﯾﺍﺭ ﻩﺎﺒﺘﺷﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ Mind ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ًﺎﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ Psyche ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ [۴] ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺢﯿﺤﺻ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺍﺬﻟ . ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ Study of Mind ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ Study of Soul ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺎﯾ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ Pschology ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﯽﺑﺮﻋ ٔﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ،ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺜﮐﺍ ﺭﺩ «ﻥﺍﻭﺭ» ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ «ﺡﻭﺭ» [۵]ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﺍﺬﻟ ؛ ﺺﻗﺎﻧ ﯼﺍﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ،ﺵﺍﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺪﺳﺭﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ «ﻪﻘﻃﺎﻧ ﺲﻔﻧ» ِﯽﺑﺮﻋ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ]؟ﻝﻭﺍ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ[ ،«ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ» ﺭﺩ «ﺱﺎﻨﺷ» ﺀﺰﺟ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﻦﯾﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﺖﻔﺻ ًﺎﻣﺍﺰﻟﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺍﺪﺟ ﯼﺯﺎﺠﻣ ٔﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ [۶]. ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ٔﻪﭽﺨﯾﺭﺎﺗ ﯽﻃ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﯿﻟﻭﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﺷ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﯽﺗﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻧﺍﺩﯽﻣ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺪﯿﮐﺄﺗ ﻭ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻥﺮﻗ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺭﺩ ،ﯽﻨﯿﻋ ﯼﺮﯿﮔ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯼﺎﻫﻩﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﯼﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ .ﺪﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻢﻫ ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺎﻫﺽﺮﻓ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺎﺑ ،ﻥﺎﯿﻣﺩﺁ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻫﻥﺍﻮﯿﺣ ﺎﻫﻥﺍﻮﯿﺣ ﺎﺑ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ-۱ :ﻪﮐ ﺎﻫﻥﺍﻮﯿﺣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ-۲ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﯿﻣﺩﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻢﯿﻤﻌﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺎﺗ ۱۹۳۰ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻥﺎﯾﺎﺷ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﯽﻓ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﺳﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺭﺩ ۱۹۶۰ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ .ﺪﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻭ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺭﺍﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﻠﺒﻗ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻒﯾﺭﺎﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻢﯾﺍﻩﺪﯿﺳﺭ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻫ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺎﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ .ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺍﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ :ﻢﯿﻨﮐ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﻢﯿﻧﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻢﻫ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺍ .ﯽﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺍﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯽﻨﯿﻋ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﮎﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻢﻬﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻫ ﻭ .ﺩﺯﺎﺳﯽﻣ ﻥﺎﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ًﺎﻤﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺍﺮﻓ -ﺐﺼﻋ ﻭ ﯼﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺴﯿﻧ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﯾﺎﻨﻋ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺖﺴﯾﺯ [۷] ﯼﺭﺎﮐ ﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻢﻫ ﻞﺜﻣ ﯽﻣﺩﺁ ﻭﺩ ﭻﯿﻫ ﻥﻮﭼ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺨﺳ ﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ﻪﭽﺨﯾﺭﺎﺗ :ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺦﯾﺭﺎﺗ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺎﺗ ﺍﺭﻥﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺸﯾﺭ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯼﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﻣﺪﻗ ﯽﻧﺍﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺩﻼﯿﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺶﯿﭘ ﻢﺠﻨﭘ ﻭ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻩﺪﺳ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻟﻭ .ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﻮﻄﺳﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻃﻼﻓﺍ ﻥﻮﭼ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ” ،۱۹ ﻥﺮﻗ ،ﺱﻮﻬﮕﻨﯿﺑﺍ ﻦﻣﺮﻫ ﻝﻮﻗ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﯼﺍﻪﭽﺨﯾﺭﺎﺗ ﺎﻣﺍ ﺯﺍﺭﺩ ﯼﺍﻪﻨﯿﺸﯿﭘ )ﺰﺘﻟﻮﺷ ۱۸ ﺹ ،۱۳۷۲ ،ﺰﺘﻟﻮﺷ ﻭ(ﻞﯿﺼﺤﺗ ﻑﻮﺴﻠﯿﻓ ﮏﯾ . ﻉﺍﺪﺑﺍ ﺱﻮﯿﻨﻠﺳﻮﮔ ﻒﻟﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻡﺎﻨﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻤﻟﺁ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ «ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ» ﺡﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ )۱۹۵۰(. ﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﻪﺸﯾﺭ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ " ﯼﺎﻨﻌﻤﺑ psycheﻥﺍﻭﺭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﯾ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺧﺍﻭﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﻢﻫﺩﺯﻮﻧ ﻩﺪﺳﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ، ﻢﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺍﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻭ .ﺪﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﻫﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺶﯿﮐ ﮏﯾ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺭﺎﮑﻓﺍ ﻢﺟﺎﻬﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ۱۸۷۹ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﯽﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﯽﮕﻧﺎﮕﯾ ﯼﺩﻮﺑﺎﻧ ﻡﺎﻨﺑ ﯽﺼﺨﺷ ﺕﺪﻧﻭ ﻢﻠﻬﻠﯾﻭ )ﺭﺪﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ( ﺲﯿﺳﺄﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﮏﯾ ﮏﯾﺰﭙﯾﻻ ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺁ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯼﻭﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻡﺎﯿﻠﯾﻭ ۱۸۹۰ ﺰﻤﯿﺟ «ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻝﻮﺻﺍ» ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺏﺎﺘﮐﺭﺩ ﺏﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﯼﺎﻬﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻬﻟﺎﺳ ﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺩﺎﯿﻨﺑ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ،ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺱﺍﻮﮕﻨﯿﺑﺍ ﻦﻣﺮﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ )ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺯﺎﺘﺸﯿﭘ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ(ﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ، ﯽﺳﻭﺭ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻒﻟﻭﺎﭘ ﻥﺍﻮﯾﺍ )ﯼﺮﯿﮔﺩﺎﯾ ﺪﻨﯾﺁﺮﻓ ﺮﮑﺘﺒﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺼﺨﺷ ﮏﯿﺳﻼﮐ ﻥﺪﺷ ﯽﻃﺮﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ( .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﻡﺎﻨﺑ ﯽﺼﺨﺷ ،ﻝﺎﺣ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺪﯾﻭﺮﻓ ﺪﻧﻮﻤﮕﯾﺯ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻞﯿﺼﺤﺗ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺐﺼﻋ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﯾﺪﻧ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻤﺳﺭ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺵﻭﺭ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻉﺍﺪﺑﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻡﺎﻨﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﯽﻋﺍﺪﺗ .ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻫﺫ ﺯﺍ ﺪﯾﻭﺮﻓ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻭ ﯼﺮﯿﺴﻔﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﯼﺮﮕﻧ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﯽﻟﻭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﺸﯾﺮﭘﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﻞﺣ ﯼﻭﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯽﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺐﯿﺳﺁ ﻭ ﺖﯿﻓﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻞﯿﻟﺩ ﺪﻧﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﺭﻮﻬﺸﻣ ﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺪﯾﻭﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺗﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﯿﮔﺭﺩ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻞﯿﺒﻗ ﺖﯿﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﺏﻮﮐﺮﺳ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ]ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﺪﻨﻣﺯﺎﯿﻧ[ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ . ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻋﻮﻨﻤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﯽﻟﺪﺒﻣ ﺪﯾﻭﺮﻓ ﻭ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻊﺟﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ .ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻮﮕﺘﻔﮔ ﻭ ﺚﺤﺑ ﺏﺍﺩﺁ ﯼﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻊﻣﺎﺠﻣ ﺪﯾﻭﺮﻓ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ،ﯼﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺍ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﯽﻟﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺎﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﯽﻨﯿﻟﺎﺑ ﯽﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺲﮑﻋ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺸﺨﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺮﮕﻧ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﯼﺩﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻢﻬﺒﻣ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺩﺪﺠﻣ ﯼﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﯼﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ،ﯽﮐﺩﻮﮐ ﺖﺳﺩﺭﻭﺩ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻟﺰﻨﻤﺑ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﯽﺋﺎﻤﻨﻫﺍﺭ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﻧﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ .ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﻥﻮﺴﺗﺍﻭ .ﯽﺑ ﻥﺎﺟ، ﮏﯾﺍﺪﻧﺮﺳ ﯽﻟ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﺩﺍ ﻭ ﺮﻨﯿﮑﺳﺍ .ﻑﺍ .ﯽﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺘﺸﯿﭘ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ .ﻦﻫﺫ ﻪﻧ ﻭ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ،ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﯼﺎﻫﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺎﯾ ﺕﻼﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ )۱۹۱۳( ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﯼﺭﺎﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﺴﺗﺍﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍ «ﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﯾﺩ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ» ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﯼﺍﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﮐ ﻡﺯﻻ ﯼﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﮑﺷﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﻭ ،ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔﯽﻤﻧ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﯽﺘﻔﺻ ﻥﺍﻮﯿﺣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻦﯿﺑ ﯼﺯﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ﻞﺋﺎﻗ ﻩﺪﺳ ﻦﯾﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﻝﺎﺳ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺑ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻭ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻣﺁﺮﺳ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﻞﯿﻟﺩ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ )ﻎﯿﻠﺒﺗ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻪﻧ( ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﻥﺪﺷ ﯽﻃﺮﺷ ﯼﺎﻫﻝﺪﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻢﮐ ﻢﮐ ،ﻝﺎﺣﺮﻫﻪﺑ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﮑﻧﺁ ﻢﻏﺮﯿﻠﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻟﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﯽﻤﻬﻣ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﺸﺘﮐﺍ ﺮﻈﻧﻪﺑ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺎﮐ ﺎﻧ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯼﺎﻤﻨﻫﺍﺭ ﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﮏﯾ ﺮﺛﺍ ﯽﻣﻼﮐ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ"ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﯽﻨﯿﺑﺯﺎﺑ .ﺪﯿﺳﺭﯽﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﻨﯿﮑﺳﺍ ﯽﮑﺴﻣﺎﭼ ﻡﺍﻮﻧ )ﺢﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﯾﺁﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﮐﺍ ﺏﻮﭼ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ( ﻢﺘﺧ ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮑﯾ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ .ﺪﯾﺁﯽﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺷﻪﺑ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻤﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺍ ﯽﮑﺴﻣﺎﭼ ﻥﺪﺷ ﯽﻃﺮﺷ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺘﻤﻫ ﯽﺑ ﯽﺗﻼﻤﺟ ﺪﻧﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﺍﺮﯾﺯ ؛ﺖﺧﻮﻣﺁ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻨﺘﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻥﺎﯿﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻦﯾﺍ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻩﺮﻣﺯﻭﺭ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻦﻫﺫ ﯽﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺁﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﻧﺁ ﺪﯾﺆﻣ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﺩﺭ ﻢﻫﻮﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫﻥﺁ ﻥﺎﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﮐ ،ﻞﮑﺷ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ًﺎﻌﻗﺍﻭ ،ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐﯽﻣ ﺪﻧﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﮐﺩﻮﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭﻭﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﺕﺮﺒﻟﺁ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺮﯿﮔﺩﺎﯾ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺯﻮﻣﺎﯿﺑ ﯽﻨﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ .ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺏﺎﺴﺣ ﯽﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﯼﺎﻫﯽﺋﺎﻤﻧﺯﺎﺑ ﯼﻭﺮﺑ ۱۹۵۰ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ 'ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﺮﺸﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ' ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍﺲﮑﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻣﺁ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﮑﺑ ﻦﻫﺫ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺪﯿﮐﺄﺗ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﺍﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﺮﺸﺑ ﺀﺎﻨﺑﺍ ﻢﻬﻓ ﯼﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ ﺕﺍﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺸﯾﺭ .ﺪﻣﺁ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﺮﺸﺑ ﺎﻫﺖﺴﯿﻟﺎﯿﺴﻧﺎﺘﺳﺰﮔﺍ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻭ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﺍﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺭ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺵﻭﺭ ﯼﺮﺸﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻌﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻭ ﯽﻧﺎﻌﻣ ﻪﯿﻠﮐ ﻪﯿﻠﺨﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﯼﺮﯿﮔﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ .ﺖﺸﮔ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺪﻧﺯ ﯼﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﻭﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﯼﺮﮑﻓ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﻦﯿﺴﯾﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻮﻟﺯﺎﻣ ﻡﺎﻫﺍﺮﺑﺁ ﺮﮑﺘﺒﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ، ﺯﺮﺟﺍﺭ ﻝﺭﺎﮐ ﯼﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺮﮑﺘﺒﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻂﺴﺑ ﻭ ﺮﮑﺘﺒﻣ ﺰﻟﺮﭘ ﺰﺘﯿﻓ ﻭ ﯼﺭﺍﺪﻣ ﺖﻟﺎﺘﺸﮔ. ﻩﺭﺎﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯼﺍﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭ ﯼﺭﻭﺎﻨﻓ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺵﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ .ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫﻪﺑ ﯼﺭﻭﺎﻨﻓ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺶﯾﺍﺪﯿﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻫﺫ ﯽﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ .ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻦﻫﺫ ﻪﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﺑ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﻤﺴﻗ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺞﯾﺍﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻞﯿﻟﺩ .ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﻝﻭﺍﺪﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯼﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻥﻮﺘﮕﻨﯾﺮﺷ ﺰﻟﺭﺎﭼ ﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﻤﺴﻗ ﻭ ﺐﻫ ﺪﻟﺎﻧﻭﺩ ﯼﺰﻐﻣ ﺖﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ )ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺍﺮﮔﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺪﯿﻨﯿﺒﺑ ﺍﺭ( .ﺖﺸﮔ ﯽﻣﺮﺑ ،ﺰﻐﻣ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﯼﺮﯿﮔﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﻭﺎﻨﻓ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻭ ﯼﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﺨﺑ .ﺪﻧﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﯼﺮﯿﮔﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ )ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓﺶﻧﺍﺩ ، ﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ( ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺮﺘﭼ ،ﻦﻫﺫ ﻢﻬﻓ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ .ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﻩﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﯼﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﺵﻼﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ،ﻝﺎﺣﺮﻫﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻦﻫﺫ «ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ» ﯼﺎﻫﻝﺪﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﻪﻘﻠﺣ .ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﯽﺷﻮﺨﻟﺩ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻭﺍ ﺖﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ،ﺖﺳﺩ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻭ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﻝﺭﺎﮐ ﯽﻠﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﮓﻧﻮﯾ ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ ﺐﻠﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﯽﻧﺎﺣﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺸﯾﺭ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺩﺭﺎﻫﺮﮔ ﻭ ﯽﮑﯾﻮﮑﺳﻮﻣ ﯽﺌﮔﺮﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮑﻓ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻦﯾﻭﺍﺩ ﯼﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ًﺎﻣﺍﺰﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺮﺘﻌﯿﺳﻭ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻭ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯼﺎﻫﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﯾ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺕﻼﮑﺸﻣ ًﺍﺮﯿﺧﺍ ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺮﺸﺑ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃﺍ ﻭ ﺶﻣﺍﺭﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﯿﺳﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﯽﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻭ ﯽﮔﺩﺮﺴﻓﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻭﺰﺟ ﺯﺎﺑﺮﯾﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﯽﻣﺩﺁ ﻦﯿﺘﺷﺮﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺸﺑ ﻞﻠﻋ ﺢﯾﺮﺸﺗ ﻦﻤﺿ ،ﯼﺮﺸﺑ ﻦﻬﮐ ﯼﺎﻫﻦﯿﯾﺁ ﻭ ﻥﺎﯾﺩﺍ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺭﺎﮑﻫﺍﺭ ،ﯽﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﯽﺣﻭﺭ ﺶﻣﺍﺭﺁ ﻑﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺮﺸﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ ﯼﺎﻫﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮑﯾ ﯽﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ،ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﮐﺍﺮﭼ ؛ﺖﺴﻫ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯼﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻡﺰﻠﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯽﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺰﻐﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ ﺰﻐﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ :ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻒﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﯼﺎﻬﺷﻼﺗ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺢﯾﺮﺸﺗ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ،ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺷﻮﻫ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﺋﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺢﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺖﺴﯿﺑ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺩﯽﻣ ﺥﺭ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺷﻮﻫ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﻭ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺯﻮﻨﻫ .ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﺎﯾ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﯾﺍ ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺷﻮﻫ ﺎﯾﺁ :ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺖﺴﯾﺭﺎﯿﺷﻮﻫ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﺎﯾ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺹﺎﺧ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻬﻨﯾﺍ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﺎﯾ ﻭ ﺪﯾﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻢﻬﻓ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ؟ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ «ﺰﻐﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ» ﻭ «ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺷﻮﻫ» ﻒﯾﺭﺎﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﯽﻋﻮﻧ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺷﻮﻫ ﺎﯾﺁ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﺎﯾ – ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﺎﻨﺷﺁ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﭻﯿﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ «ﻝﺎﯿﺧ ﻭ ﻢﻫﻭ» ﺰﯿﻧ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﻬﻓ ؟ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺁﺮﻓ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻭ ﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﯾﺍﺰﻓ ﯽﺗﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ًﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺵﻮﻫ ﯽﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ، .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯼﺍﺮﮔﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯼﺮﮑﻓ ﺐﺗﺎﮑﻣ ﮏﯾ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ ﯼﺮﮑﻓ ﺐﺗﺎﮑﻣ ﺮﺜﮐﺍ ﺚﺤﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻤﻨﻫﺍﺭ ﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻝﺪﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺖﯾﺮﺜﮐﺍ ﺎﯾ ،ﻪﯿﻠﮐ ﻥﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺐﺗﺎﮑﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺖﯿﺑﻮﺒﺤﻣ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﺢﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﺷﯽﻣ ﺩﺎﯾﺯ ﻭ ﻢﮐ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻭﺮﯿﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺭﻮﺼﺗ ﺮﺜﮐﺍ ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ ،ﺪﻧﺍﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻘﺑﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﺻﺎﺧ ﻢﻬﻓ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﯽﺷﻭﺭ ﺍﺭ ﺐﺗﺎﮑﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﮐ ﺮﻫ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﯼﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ًﺎﻣﻭﺰﻟ ﻪﻧ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ .ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭﺮﻤﻠﻗ ﻭ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﻭ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺁﺮﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺮﯾﺯ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﯼﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯽﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺮﯾﺯ ﻦﯾﻭﺎﻨﻋ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ .ﺪﻨﺳﺭﯽﻣ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻢﻠﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻭ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﻞﺼﻓ ﺮﺳ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﺭﺩ ﺪﯿﻧﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﻭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ .ﺪﯿﺋﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻭ ﺍﺪﯿﭘ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻖﺒﻃ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺵﻭﺭ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺍﺩﺮﮐ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﯽﻤﮐ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻩﻮﺟﻭ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﯽﺤﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺎﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﯼﺎﻫﻩﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﻪﮑﯿﺋﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭙﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻭ ﯽﻗﻼﺧﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ،ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺯﺎﺠﻣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯽﺿﺮﻓ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺪﯿﺸﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﻞﮑﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺱﺎﺒﺘﻗﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﻃﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﮏﻤﮐ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ .ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻩﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﮎﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺢﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﯽﻔﯿﻃ ﺩﺎﺠﯾﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﻤﮐ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯼﺍﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻊﯿﺳﻭ ،ﻞﻤﻋ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺍﺩﺮﮐﺕﺎﺤﯿﺿﻮﺗ ،ﯼﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻡﻮﻗ ، ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﯼﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ،ﯼﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺎﻬﻬﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺕﺍﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺽﺮﻏ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﯽﻨﻏ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﯼﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﺘﻨﺳ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻡﻮﻗ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﯽﺨﯾﺭﺎﺗ ،ﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺦﯾﺭﺎﺗ .ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﺖﺴﺗ ﺮﺻﺎﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍﻕﻮﻓ ﯼﺍﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﯽﺠﻨﺳ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﺖﺴﺗ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﻀﺘﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻗﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﯾ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺍﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﮏﯿﻣﺩﺎﮐﺁ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﻢﻬﻓ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﻭ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯼﻭﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯼﺍﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﯾﺍ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺭﺎﮐ ﯼﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﻭﺮﺑ ﯽﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻊﯾﺮﺳ ﯼﺭﻭﺁ ﺩﻮﺳ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﻩﺎﮔﺪﯾﺩ ﻦﯾﺍ ،ﻝﺎﺣﺮﻫﻪﺑ .ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻢﻫ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﯼﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻥﺩﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺮﯿﮔﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺍﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﻮﻐﺸﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﮐ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻊﻃﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻥﺎﯿﻣ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﻨﯿﻟﺎﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻑﺪﻫ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﻦﺘﺴﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﻥﺁ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﯼﺮﯿﮔﺭﺎﮑﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﯾ ﯼﺩﺍﺮﻔﻧﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﻪﺑ ﮏﻤﮐ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻭ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﺖﺒﻏﺭ ﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﻪﮑﯿﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﯼﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ًﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﯽﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﺠﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ ﯼﺩﺎﻋ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺎﯿﻋﺍﺪﺗ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯽﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻢﮐﺎﺣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺎﻫﯼﺪﻨﻣﺯﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻞﮑﺷ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ .ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘﯽﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﺟﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺐﺴﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﻥﺍﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﮐ ﯼﺭﻮﻃ ،ﻞﮐ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻡﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻠﻤﻋ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﻪﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺍﻭﺮﭘ ﯼﺎﻄﻋﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻢﻈﻨﻣ .ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ :ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻂﯾﺍﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻮﺗﺍﺮﺑﻻ ﯼﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﻪﯿﮑﺗ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺪﺘﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺵﻼﺗ .ﺪﻧﺮﯾﺬﭘﯽﻣ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﺸﺑ ﺀﺎﻨﺑﺍ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺮﺑ ﯼﺎﻫﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻢﻬﻓ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺲﮑﻋ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯼﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﯽﺠﻨﺳ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻥﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ .ﺪﻧﺮﯾﺬﭘﯽﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ،ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﺍﺪﺻ ﯼﺎﻫﻦﺗ ﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﮎﺍﺭﺩﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﯿﺳﺮﭘ ﺮﯾﺯ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ،ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ .ﺪﺠﻨﺴﺑ ﮏﯾ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳﺁ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﯾﺁ :ﺩﻮﺷ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭﻥﺁ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﺋﺎﻗ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺍﺪﺻ ﻦﺗ ﺖﻔﺟ ؟ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﺎﻫﻥﺁ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﯼﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻈﻨﻓﺮﺻ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍ ﻪﯿﻠﮐ ﻪﮐ ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﺴﮑﯾ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ،ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ )ﺢﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﺖﺴﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺍ ﯼﺎﺟﻪﺑ ﺺﺨﺷ ﺍﺮﭼ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ .ﺪﯿﻨﯿﺒﺑ ﺍﺭ ،ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘﯽﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺍ( ﻦﯾﺍ ﺖﺴﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻕﺎﺗﺍ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﮏﯾ ﺪﯾﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﺵﻮﮔ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍ ﯼﺮﺳ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﻮﺻ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺨﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺲﮑﻋ )ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ًﻼﺜﻣ ﻪﻤﮐﺩ ﮏﯾ(، ﻭﺩ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺎﻫﺍﻭﺁ ﻦﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺮﮑﻓ ﻪﮑﯿﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮔﺍ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺲﮑﻋ ﮏﯾ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯼﺍﺪﺻ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ .ﺪﻧﺍﻩﺪﯿﻨﺷ ﺍﺭ ﺍﺪﺻ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺮﮑﻓ ﺎﯾﺁ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﺢﯿﺤﺻ ﯼﺎﻫﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﺴﮑﯾ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺍﻭﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﻦﺗ ﻪﯿﻠﮐ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ .ﺩﻭﺭﯽﻣ ﺭﺎﮑﺑ ،ﺮﯿﺧ ﺎﯾ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺹﻮﺼﺨﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﯼﺭﺍﺪﯿﻨﺷ ﻩﺎﮔﺭﺩ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﮏﯾ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﮏﯾ ﺮﮔﺍ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ًﺍﺩﺪﺠﻣ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ .ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧﯽﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ،ﺮﯿﺧ ﺎﯾ ﺪﻫﺩﯽﻣ ﺥﺭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﺺﺨﺷ ﮏﯾ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ،ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺪﯿﺸﮐ ﺭﺎﮕﯿﺳ ﺎﯾﺁ ﺪﻧﺍﺪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﻩﺍﺭ ﮏﯾ .ﺮﯿﺧ ﺎﯾ ﺖﺴﻫ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﯾﺭ ﻥﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﻧﺁ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘﻔﮔ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﯼﺭﺎﮕﯿﺳ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﯾﺭ ﻥﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺕﺪﻣ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﻢﯿﺋﺎﻤﻧ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺪﻧﺍﻪﺘﺸﮔ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮐﺎﺣ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ،ﺹﺎﺧ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﯾﺩﮏﯾ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻭﺩ ﻦﯾﺍ ﯼﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ )ﺮﺑ ﯼﺭﺎﺒﻧﺎﯾﺯ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻥﻮﺗﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ًﻼﺒﻗ ﺩﺯﺎﺳﯽﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻪﯾﺭ(ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ،ﻝﺎﺣﺮﻫﻪﺑ . ﻊﻃﺎﻗ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻤﻧ ،ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑﺍ «ﺖﻠﻋ» ﺭﺎﮕﯿﺳ ﻥﺪﯿﺸﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺕﻭﺎﻀﻗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺖﻔﮔ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ .ﺖﺳﺍﻪﯾﺭ ﻥﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻥﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﺪﻌﺘﺴﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﻧﺁ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻦﯾﺰﮕﯾﺎﺟ .ﺪﻨﺸﮐﯽﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺭﺎﮕﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺩﺎﺠﯾﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﯿﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﺷﻭﺭ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮑﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺖﻟﻻﺩ ﺖﯿﻠﻋ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﺖﯾﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﯽﻠﺻﺍ .ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧﯽﻣ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﯽﻟﻮﻃ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯽﻟﻮﻃ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﯽﻋﻮﻧ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﮏﯾ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯽﺼﺨﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ،ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ .ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘﯽﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻩﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ).ﯼﺁ .ﻝﺍ .ﺱﺍ( ﮏﯾ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺹﺎﺧ ﯽﻄﯾﺍﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺖﯾﺰﻣ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﯼﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺵﻭﺭ ﯽﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺕﺪﻣ ﯽﻃ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﮏﯾ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ،ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻟﻭ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﯼﺩﺮﻓ ﯼﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻤﻧ ﻪﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻞﮐ ﻩﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﯼﺮﯿﮔﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ،ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻢﻫ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺖﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺭﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ،ﺪﻧﺮﺑﯽﻣ ﺞﻧﺭ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺎﯾ ﯼﺰﻐﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺍﺮﮔﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻭ ﺍﺮﮔﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺵﻼﺗ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﺎﯾ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺰﻐﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ ﯼﺩﺎﻋ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯼﺩﺎﻋ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﯽﺋﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻣﯽﻗﺎﺑ )«ﯼﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ» ﻡﺎﻨﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ( ﻪﺑ ﯽﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬﯿﺋﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺎﯾﺁ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﯾ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﯼﺮﺗ ﯽﺋﺰﺟ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﯼﺍﺮﮔﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ،ﻞﮐ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔﯽﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻕﺪﺻ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺎﻫﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﻦﯾﺍ .ﺪﻨﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ﺎﯾ ﺰﻐﻣ ﻦﮑﺳﺍ ،ﯼﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ – ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﻈﻨﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﻭ ،ﺹﺎﺧ ﯽﻠﻤﻋ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻦﯿﺣ ﻪﮐ ،ﻪﻤﺠﻤﺟ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﯽﺴﯿﻃﺎﻨﻐﻣ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﺨﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺌﻤﻄﻣ ﯽﺗﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﻥﺁ ﺖﯿﻤﻫﺍ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺰﻐﻣ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ .ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘﯽﻣ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﺕﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ ﯼﺍﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻝﺪﻣ Neural network with two layers ﯼﺍﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻪﺒﯿﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯼﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺍﺮﮔﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺹﺎﺧ ﯼﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ .ﺩﻭﺭﯽﻣ ﺭﺎﮑﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭ ﮏﯾ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯼﺩﺎﯾﺯ ﯼﺎﻫﺖﯾﺰﻣ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍﻕﻮﻓ ﯽﺘﻋﺮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺭﺪﻣ ﺍﺭ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺁﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﮎﺪﻧﺍ ﺕﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﺶﯾﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺩﺎﯾﺯ ﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻣ ﯼﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ،ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﻢﺴﺠﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﻊﯾﺎﻗﻭ ﯼﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﯾﻭﺭ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ﺮﻣﺍ .ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﯼﺯﺎﺴﻟﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺪﻧﻮﯿﭘ .ﺩﺮﯿﮔﯽﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺰﻐﻣ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺳﺍ ﮏﯿﻠﺒﻤﺳ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻝﺪﻣ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺵﻭﺭ .ﺪﯾﻮﺟﯽﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﺀﺎﯿﺷﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ .ﺩﺭﻭﺁﯽﻣﺭﺩ ﺶﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﯼﺯﺎﺴﻟﺪﻣ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﯼﺎﻫﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﻭ .ﯽﻗﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﻥﺭﺪﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻦﮑﯿﻟﻭ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻼﺗ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯽﺨﯾﺭﺎﺗ ﺕﺎﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺕﺎﯿﻗﻼﺧﺍ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﻮﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻦﻫﺫ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﻫﺩ ﻞﮑﺷﻪﺑ ،ﯼﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﺷﻭﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺍﺮﯾﺯ ؛ﺪﻧﺍﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺖﯿﻫﺎﻣ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺰﯿﭼ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺠﯿﺑ ﺀﺎﯿﺷﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﺑ .ﺪﻨﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺍ ﯽﻫﺎﮔ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﯽﺑ ﺎﯾ ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﯽﺑ ،ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺺﯾﺎﺼﺧ ﻥﺩﺮﺑ ﯽﻘﻠﺗ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺮﺸﺑ ﺀﺎﻨﺑﺍ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﺮﻫ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺘﻣﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﮎﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻢﻠﻋ ﮏﯾ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻀﻌﺑ ﻪﯿﮑﺗ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﯽﺑﺎﯾﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﻞﯿﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ «ﻒﯿﻌﺿ» ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺍﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﮐ ﯼﺍﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺪﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﺎﻋﺩﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻞﯿﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ ،ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯼﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺖﯿﻨﻫﺫ ﺎﯾﺁ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﻧﺁ ﻪﺣﻭﺮﻄﻣ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﺎﺠﻨﯾﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﯼﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﺴﯾﺎﺑ ،ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ،ﺖﯿﻨﯿﻋ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻠﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺍﺮﯾﺯ ﺮﯿﺧ ﺎﯾ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺏﻮﺟﻭ ﯼﺪﯿﻠﮐ ﯼﺎﻫﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﺖﯾﺪﻣﺎﺟ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻨﯾﺁﯽﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﯼﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ،ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﯼﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻭ ﯼﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ،ﺎﻫﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ،ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﻩﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ ﯼﺍﻩﺪﻨﯾﺍﺰﻓ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﯼﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ،ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺮﺗﺭﺍﺩ ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ﯼﺎﻬﺷﻭﺭ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻫﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔﺭﺩ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ

ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ )ﻪﺑ ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ: Psychology( ، ﻩﺪﻧﺯ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ِﻦﻫﺫ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺍﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ٔﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ـ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﺨﺑ ـ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺵﻭﺭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻤﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺎﺑ ،ﯽﻣﺩﺁ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ ،ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﻭﺭ ،ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ،ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﯿﻈﻧ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻒﯾﺎﻇﻭ ﺯﺍ …ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻭ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﭻﯿﻫ ًﺎﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ ،ﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ٔﻪﺸﯾﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﮎﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻤﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﯼﺍﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ؛ﺪﺷﺎﺒﻧ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﯾﺍ ﯽﻨﺘﺴﺴﮔ ﺎﻧ ﯼﺪﻧﻮﯿﭘ ﻥﺭﺪﻣ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﯽﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭ ﯼﮊﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗ ،ﻢﻠﻋ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻩﻭﻼﻌﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﯼﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﻗﻭ ﯽﻣﺩﺁ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ،ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻩﺎﻓﺭ ،ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﯾﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ؛ﺪﻨﮐ ﺍﺪﯿﭘ ﻪﺸﯾﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﯿﻣ ﺭﺩ ﯼﺭﻮﻬﻇﻮﻧ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﯽﺘﺣ ﻭ ﺕﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾﺁﯽﻣ ﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﺮﺸﺑ ﺕﺎﯿﻨﻫﺫ ﻭ ﺭﺎﮑﻓﺍ ؛ﺪﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﭼ ﻭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﯼﺮﯿﮕﺸﯿﭘ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ،ﻞﺣ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺍﺩﻪﯾﻼﻃ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻠﺣ ﻩﺍﺭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺧﺎﺷﺍﺮﻓﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ؛ﺖﺴﯾﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ِﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ِﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﯿﻏ ،ﺎﻫﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﻋﺍﺰﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ـ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ـ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﻞﯿﻟﺩ ،ﻥﺁ » ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﯼﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻣﺍﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺵﻭﺭﻭ ،« ،ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺸﺨﺑ ِﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﯼﻩﺮﯾﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺱﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﯾﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﯿﻘﻋ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ؛ﺪﻧﺎﺸﮐﯽﻣ ﺮﺛﺄﻣ ﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺪﻨﯾﺍﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯼﺎﯿﻧﺩ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ،ﺰﯿﻧ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺬﻟ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﺪﯾﺎﺷ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ .ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺼﺤﻨﻣ ﯼﺍﻩﺰﯿﻣﺁ ًﺎﺘﻘﯿﻘﺣ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺖﺴﯾﺯ ﺮﯿﻈﻧ ﯽﻧﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺎﺑﺯ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ .ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ …ﻭ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻪﺑ ،ﮏﯿﻣﺩﺎﮐﺁ ﻭ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻢﻫﺪﺠﻫ ﻥﺮﻗ ﻞﯾﺍﻭﺍ ﻭ ﻢﻫﺪﻔﻫ ﻥﺮﻗ ﺮﺧﺍﻭﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﺸﺘﮐﺍ ﺖﻔﮔ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ؛ﺩﺩﺮﮕﯿﻣﺯﺎﺑ ۱۵۰ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻭ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﺶﯿﭘ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺮﺗﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﯼﺍﻪﭽﺨﯾﺭﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﮐ ﻦﻫﺫ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺮﺗﺭﺎﺑﺮﭘ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺮﮑﻔﺘﻣ ﻦﻫﺫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺎﻫﻥﺮﻗ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻣﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺏﻮﺘﮑﻣ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻝﻮﻐﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻃﻼﻓﺍ ،ﻁﺍﺮﻘﺳ ﻥﻮﭼ ﯽﻧﺍﺮﮑﻔﺘﻣ ﻭ ﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﯾ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻮﻄﺳﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻭﺪﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﯾﺪﺟ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺶﯿﭘ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﮏﯿﻣﺩﺎﮐﺁ [۱]. ﺖﻐﻟ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ٔﻪﻤﻠﮐ Psychology :ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺶﯾﺍﻭﺁ ﺎﺑ / saɪˈkɑlədʒi/ ) ﺪﯿﻫﺪﺑ ﺵﻮﮔ( ﺎﻤﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﯾ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺯﺍ Ψυχολογία ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺍﻭ ٔﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻦﯾﺍ ؛ﻩﺪﺷ ψυχή ﻭ λόγος ،ﺽﺎﻤﻏﺍ ﯽﻤﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ؛ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ «ﺡﻭﺭ ٔﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ» ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ )ﻪﺑ ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ: Study of Soul( ﺪﻧﺍﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑ [۲]. Psyche ٔﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺐﻟﺎﺟ )ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﯾ: ψυχή( ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﯾ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ «ﺡﻭﺭ» )ﻪﺑ ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍSoul :( ﻭ ،ﺪﻫﺩﯽﻣ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ «ﻞﻘﻋ» ﺎﯾ «ﻦﻫﺫ» ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ )ﻪﺑ ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ: Mind( ﺩﺮﯿﮔﯽﻤﻧ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ [۳] ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ ، ِﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﯾ ٔﻩﮊﺍﻭ ،ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﺞﯾﺍﺭ ﻩﺎﺒﺘﺷﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ Mind ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ًﺎﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ Psyche ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ [۴] ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺢﯿﺤﺻ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺍﺬﻟ . ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ Study of Mind ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ Study of Soul ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺎﯾ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ Pschology ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﯽﺑﺮﻋ ٔﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ،ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺜﮐﺍ ﺭﺩ «ﻥﺍﻭﺭ» ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ «ﺡﻭﺭ» [۵]ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﺍﺬﻟ ؛ ﺺﻗﺎﻧ ﯼﺍﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ،ﺵﺍﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺪﺳﺭﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ «ﻪﻘﻃﺎﻧ ﺲﻔﻧ» ِﯽﺑﺮﻋ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ]؟ﻝﻭﺍ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ[ ،«ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ» ﺭﺩ «ﺱﺎﻨﺷ» ﺀﺰﺟ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﻦﯾﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﺖﻔﺻ ًﺎﻣﺍﺰﻟﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺍﺪﺟ ﯼﺯﺎﺠﻣ ٔﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ [۶]. ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ٔﻪﭽﺨﯾﺭﺎﺗ ﯽﻃ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﯿﻟﻭﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﺷ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﯽﺗﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻧﺍﺩﯽﻣ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺪﯿﮐﺄﺗ ﻭ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻥﺮﻗ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺭﺩ ،ﯽﻨﯿﻋ ﯼﺮﯿﮔ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯼﺎﻫﻩﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﯼﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ .ﺪﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻢﻫ ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺎﻫﺽﺮﻓ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺎﺑ ،ﻥﺎﯿﻣﺩﺁ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻫﻥﺍﻮﯿﺣ ﺎﻫﻥﺍﻮﯿﺣ ﺎﺑ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ-۱ :ﻪﮐ ﺎﻫﻥﺍﻮﯿﺣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ-۲ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﯿﻣﺩﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻢﯿﻤﻌﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺎﺗ ۱۹۳۰ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻥﺎﯾﺎﺷ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﯽﻓ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﺳﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺭﺩ ۱۹۶۰ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ .ﺪﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻭ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺭﺍﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﻠﺒﻗ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻒﯾﺭﺎﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻢﯾﺍﻩﺪﯿﺳﺭ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻫ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺎﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ .ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺍﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ :ﻢﯿﻨﮐ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﻢﯿﻧﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻢﻫ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺍ .ﯽﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺍﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯽﻨﯿﻋ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﮎﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻢﻬﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻫ ﻭ .ﺩﺯﺎﺳﯽﻣ ﻥﺎﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ًﺎﻤﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺍﺮﻓ -ﺐﺼﻋ ﻭ ﯼﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺴﯿﻧ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﯾﺎﻨﻋ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺖﺴﯾﺯ [۷] ﯼﺭﺎﮐ ﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻢﻫ ﻞﺜﻣ ﯽﻣﺩﺁ ﻭﺩ ﭻﯿﻫ ﻥﻮﭼ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺨﺳ ﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ﻪﭽﺨﯾﺭﺎﺗ :ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺦﯾﺭﺎﺗ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺎﺗ ﺍﺭﻥﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺸﯾﺭ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯼﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﻣﺪﻗ ﯽﻧﺍﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺩﻼﯿﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺶﯿﭘ ﻢﺠﻨﭘ ﻭ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻩﺪﺳ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻟﻭ .ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﻮﻄﺳﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻃﻼﻓﺍ ﻥﻮﭼ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ” ،۱۹ ﻥﺮﻗ ،ﺱﻮﻬﮕﻨﯿﺑﺍ ﻦﻣﺮﻫ ﻝﻮﻗ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﯼﺍﻪﭽﺨﯾﺭﺎﺗ ﺎﻣﺍ ﺯﺍﺭﺩ ﯼﺍﻪﻨﯿﺸﯿﭘ )ﺰﺘﻟﻮﺷ ۱۸ ﺹ ،۱۳۷۲ ،ﺰﺘﻟﻮﺷ ﻭ(ﻞﯿﺼﺤﺗ ﻑﻮﺴﻠﯿﻓ ﮏﯾ . ﻉﺍﺪﺑﺍ ﺱﻮﯿﻨﻠﺳﻮﮔ ﻒﻟﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻡﺎﻨﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻤﻟﺁ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ «ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ» ﺡﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ )۱۹۵۰(. ﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﻪﺸﯾﺭ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ " ﯼﺎﻨﻌﻤﺑ psycheﻥﺍﻭﺭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﯾ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺧﺍﻭﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﻢﻫﺩﺯﻮﻧ ﻩﺪﺳﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ، ﻢﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺍﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻭ .ﺪﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﻫﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺶﯿﮐ ﮏﯾ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺭﺎﮑﻓﺍ ﻢﺟﺎﻬﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ۱۸۷۹ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﯽﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﯽﮕﻧﺎﮕﯾ ﯼﺩﻮﺑﺎﻧ ﻡﺎﻨﺑ ﯽﺼﺨﺷ ﺕﺪﻧﻭ ﻢﻠﻬﻠﯾﻭ )ﺭﺪﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ( ﺲﯿﺳﺄﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﮏﯾ ﮏﯾﺰﭙﯾﻻ ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺁ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯼﻭﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻡﺎﯿﻠﯾﻭ ۱۸۹۰ ﺰﻤﯿﺟ «ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻝﻮﺻﺍ» ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺏﺎﺘﮐﺭﺩ ﺏﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﯼﺎﻬﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻬﻟﺎﺳ ﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺩﺎﯿﻨﺑ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ،ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺱﺍﻮﮕﻨﯿﺑﺍ ﻦﻣﺮﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ )ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺯﺎﺘﺸﯿﭘ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ(ﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ، ﯽﺳﻭﺭ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻒﻟﻭﺎﭘ ﻥﺍﻮﯾﺍ )ﯼﺮﯿﮔﺩﺎﯾ ﺪﻨﯾﺁﺮﻓ ﺮﮑﺘﺒﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺼﺨﺷ ﮏﯿﺳﻼﮐ ﻥﺪﺷ ﯽﻃﺮﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ( .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﻡﺎﻨﺑ ﯽﺼﺨﺷ ،ﻝﺎﺣ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺪﯾﻭﺮﻓ ﺪﻧﻮﻤﮕﯾﺯ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻞﯿﺼﺤﺗ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺐﺼﻋ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﯾﺪﻧ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻤﺳﺭ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺵﻭﺭ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻉﺍﺪﺑﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻡﺎﻨﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﯽﻋﺍﺪﺗ .ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻫﺫ ﺯﺍ ﺪﯾﻭﺮﻓ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻭ ﯼﺮﯿﺴﻔﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﯼﺮﮕﻧ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﯽﻟﻭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﺸﯾﺮﭘﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﻞﺣ ﯼﻭﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯽﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺐﯿﺳﺁ ﻭ ﺖﯿﻓﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻞﯿﻟﺩ ﺪﻧﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﺭﻮﻬﺸﻣ ﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺪﯾﻭﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺗﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﯿﮔﺭﺩ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻞﯿﺒﻗ ﺖﯿﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﺏﻮﮐﺮﺳ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ]ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﺪﻨﻣﺯﺎﯿﻧ[ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ . ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻋﻮﻨﻤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﯽﻟﺪﺒﻣ ﺪﯾﻭﺮﻓ ﻭ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻊﺟﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ .ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻮﮕﺘﻔﮔ ﻭ ﺚﺤﺑ ﺏﺍﺩﺁ ﯼﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻊﻣﺎﺠﻣ ﺪﯾﻭﺮﻓ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ،ﯼﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺍ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﯽﻟﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺎﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﯽﻨﯿﻟﺎﺑ ﯽﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺲﮑﻋ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺸﺨﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺮﮕﻧ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﯼﺩﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻢﻬﺒﻣ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺩﺪﺠﻣ ﯼﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﯼﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ،ﯽﮐﺩﻮﮐ ﺖﺳﺩﺭﻭﺩ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻟﺰﻨﻤﺑ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﯽﺋﺎﻤﻨﻫﺍﺭ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﻧﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ .ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﻥﻮﺴﺗﺍﻭ .ﯽﺑ ﻥﺎﺟ، ﮏﯾﺍﺪﻧﺮﺳ ﯽﻟ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﺩﺍ ﻭ ﺮﻨﯿﮑﺳﺍ .ﻑﺍ .ﯽﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺘﺸﯿﭘ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ .ﻦﻫﺫ ﻪﻧ ﻭ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ،ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﯼﺎﻫﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺎﯾ ﺕﻼﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ )۱۹۱۳( ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﯼﺭﺎﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﺴﺗﺍﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍ «ﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﯾﺩ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ» ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﯼﺍﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﮐ ﻡﺯﻻ ﯼﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﮑﺷﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﻭ ،ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔﯽﻤﻧ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﯽﺘﻔﺻ ﻥﺍﻮﯿﺣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻦﯿﺑ ﯼﺯﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ﻞﺋﺎﻗ ﻩﺪﺳ ﻦﯾﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﻝﺎﺳ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺑ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻭ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻣﺁﺮﺳ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﻞﯿﻟﺩ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ )ﻎﯿﻠﺒﺗ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻪﻧ( ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﻥﺪﺷ ﯽﻃﺮﺷ ﯼﺎﻫﻝﺪﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻢﮐ ﻢﮐ ،ﻝﺎﺣﺮﻫﻪﺑ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﮑﻧﺁ ﻢﻏﺮﯿﻠﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻟﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﯽﻤﻬﻣ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﺸﺘﮐﺍ ﺮﻈﻧﻪﺑ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺎﮐ ﺎﻧ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯼﺎﻤﻨﻫﺍﺭ ﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﮏﯾ ﺮﺛﺍ ﯽﻣﻼﮐ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ"ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﯽﻨﯿﺑﺯﺎﺑ .ﺪﯿﺳﺭﯽﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﻨﯿﮑﺳﺍ ﯽﮑﺴﻣﺎﭼ ﻡﺍﻮﻧ )ﺢﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﯾﺁﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﮐﺍ ﺏﻮﭼ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ( ﻢﺘﺧ ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮑﯾ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ .ﺪﯾﺁﯽﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺷﻪﺑ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻤﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺍ ﯽﮑﺴﻣﺎﭼ ﻥﺪﺷ ﯽﻃﺮﺷ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺘﻤﻫ ﯽﺑ ﯽﺗﻼﻤﺟ ﺪﻧﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﺍﺮﯾﺯ ؛ﺖﺧﻮﻣﺁ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻨﺘﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻥﺎﯿﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻦﯾﺍ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻩﺮﻣﺯﻭﺭ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻦﻫﺫ ﯽﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺁﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﻧﺁ ﺪﯾﺆﻣ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﺩﺭ ﻢﻫﻮﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫﻥﺁ ﻥﺎﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﮐ ،ﻞﮑﺷ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ًﺎﻌﻗﺍﻭ ،ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐﯽﻣ ﺪﻧﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﮐﺩﻮﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭﻭﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﺕﺮﺒﻟﺁ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺮﯿﮔﺩﺎﯾ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺯﻮﻣﺎﯿﺑ ﯽﻨﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ .ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺏﺎﺴﺣ ﯽﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﯼﺎﻫﯽﺋﺎﻤﻧﺯﺎﺑ ﯼﻭﺮﺑ ۱۹۵۰ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ 'ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﺮﺸﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ' ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍﺲﮑﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻣﺁ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﮑﺑ ﻦﻫﺫ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺪﯿﮐﺄﺗ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﺍﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﺮﺸﺑ ﺀﺎﻨﺑﺍ ﻢﻬﻓ ﯼﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ ﺕﺍﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺸﯾﺭ .ﺪﻣﺁ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﺮﺸﺑ ﺎﻫﺖﺴﯿﻟﺎﯿﺴﻧﺎﺘﺳﺰﮔﺍ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻭ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﺍﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺭ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺵﻭﺭ ﯼﺮﺸﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻌﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻭ ﯽﻧﺎﻌﻣ ﻪﯿﻠﮐ ﻪﯿﻠﺨﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﯼﺮﯿﮔﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ .ﺖﺸﮔ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺪﻧﺯ ﯼﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﻭﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﯼﺮﮑﻓ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﻦﯿﺴﯾﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻮﻟﺯﺎﻣ ﻡﺎﻫﺍﺮﺑﺁ ﺮﮑﺘﺒﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ، ﺯﺮﺟﺍﺭ ﻝﺭﺎﮐ ﯼﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺮﮑﺘﺒﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻂﺴﺑ ﻭ ﺮﮑﺘﺒﻣ ﺰﻟﺮﭘ ﺰﺘﯿﻓ ﻭ ﯼﺭﺍﺪﻣ ﺖﻟﺎﺘﺸﮔ. ﻩﺭﺎﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯼﺍﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭ ﯼﺭﻭﺎﻨﻓ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺵﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ .ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫﻪﺑ ﯼﺭﻭﺎﻨﻓ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺶﯾﺍﺪﯿﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻫﺫ ﯽﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ .ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻦﻫﺫ ﻪﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﺑ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﻤﺴﻗ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺞﯾﺍﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻞﯿﻟﺩ .ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﻝﻭﺍﺪﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯼﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻥﻮﺘﮕﻨﯾﺮﺷ ﺰﻟﺭﺎﭼ ﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﻤﺴﻗ ﻭ ﺐﻫ ﺪﻟﺎﻧﻭﺩ ﯼﺰﻐﻣ ﺖﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ )ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺍﺮﮔﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺪﯿﻨﯿﺒﺑ ﺍﺭ( .ﺖﺸﮔ ﯽﻣﺮﺑ ،ﺰﻐﻣ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﯼﺮﯿﮔﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﻭﺎﻨﻓ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻭ ﯼﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﺨﺑ .ﺪﻧﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﯼﺮﯿﮔﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ )ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓﺶﻧﺍﺩ ، ﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ( ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺮﺘﭼ ،ﻦﻫﺫ ﻢﻬﻓ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ .ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﻩﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﯼﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﺵﻼﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ،ﻝﺎﺣﺮﻫﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻦﻫﺫ «ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ» ﯼﺎﻫﻝﺪﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﻪﻘﻠﺣ .ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﯽﺷﻮﺨﻟﺩ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻭﺍ ﺖﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ،ﺖﺳﺩ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻭ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﻝﺭﺎﮐ ﯽﻠﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﮓﻧﻮﯾ ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ ﺐﻠﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﯽﻧﺎﺣﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺸﯾﺭ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺩﺭﺎﻫﺮﮔ ﻭ ﯽﮑﯾﻮﮑﺳﻮﻣ ﯽﺌﮔﺮﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮑﻓ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻦﯾﻭﺍﺩ ﯼﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ًﺎﻣﺍﺰﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺮﺘﻌﯿﺳﻭ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻭ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯼﺎﻫﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﯾ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺕﻼﮑﺸﻣ ًﺍﺮﯿﺧﺍ ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺮﺸﺑ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃﺍ ﻭ ﺶﻣﺍﺭﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﯿﺳﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﯽﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻭ ﯽﮔﺩﺮﺴﻓﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻭﺰﺟ ﺯﺎﺑﺮﯾﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﯽﻣﺩﺁ ﻦﯿﺘﺷﺮﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺸﺑ ﻞﻠﻋ ﺢﯾﺮﺸﺗ ﻦﻤﺿ ،ﯼﺮﺸﺑ ﻦﻬﮐ ﯼﺎﻫﻦﯿﯾﺁ ﻭ ﻥﺎﯾﺩﺍ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺭﺎﮑﻫﺍﺭ ،ﯽﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﯽﺣﻭﺭ ﺶﻣﺍﺭﺁ ﻑﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺮﺸﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ ﯼﺎﻫﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮑﯾ ﯽﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ،ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﮐﺍﺮﭼ ؛ﺖﺴﻫ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯼﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻡﺰﻠﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯽﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺰﻐﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ ﺰﻐﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ :ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻒﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﯼﺎﻬﺷﻼﺗ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺢﯾﺮﺸﺗ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ،ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺷﻮﻫ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﺋﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺢﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺖﺴﯿﺑ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺩﯽﻣ ﺥﺭ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺷﻮﻫ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﻭ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺯﻮﻨﻫ .ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﺎﯾ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﯾﺍ ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺷﻮﻫ ﺎﯾﺁ :ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺖﺴﯾﺭﺎﯿﺷﻮﻫ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﺎﯾ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺹﺎﺧ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻬﻨﯾﺍ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﺎﯾ ﻭ ﺪﯾﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻢﻬﻓ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ؟ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ «ﺰﻐﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ» ﻭ «ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺷﻮﻫ» ﻒﯾﺭﺎﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﯽﻋﻮﻧ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺷﻮﻫ ﺎﯾﺁ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﺎﯾ – ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﺎﻨﺷﺁ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﭻﯿﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ «ﻝﺎﯿﺧ ﻭ ﻢﻫﻭ» ﺰﯿﻧ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﻬﻓ ؟ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺁﺮﻓ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻭ ﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﯾﺍﺰﻓ ﯽﺗﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ًﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺵﻮﻫ ﯽﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ، .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯼﺍﺮﮔﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯼﺮﮑﻓ ﺐﺗﺎﮑﻣ ﮏﯾ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ ﯼﺮﮑﻓ ﺐﺗﺎﮑﻣ ﺮﺜﮐﺍ ﺚﺤﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻤﻨﻫﺍﺭ ﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻝﺪﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺖﯾﺮﺜﮐﺍ ﺎﯾ ،ﻪﯿﻠﮐ ﻥﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺐﺗﺎﮑﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺖﯿﺑﻮﺒﺤﻣ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﺢﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﺷﯽﻣ ﺩﺎﯾﺯ ﻭ ﻢﮐ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻭﺮﯿﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺭﻮﺼﺗ ﺮﺜﮐﺍ ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ ،ﺪﻧﺍﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻘﺑﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﺻﺎﺧ ﻢﻬﻓ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﯽﺷﻭﺭ ﺍﺭ ﺐﺗﺎﮑﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﮐ ﺮﻫ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﯼﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ًﺎﻣﻭﺰﻟ ﻪﻧ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ .ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭﺮﻤﻠﻗ ﻭ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﻭ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺁﺮﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺮﯾﺯ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﯼﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯽﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺮﯾﺯ ﻦﯾﻭﺎﻨﻋ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ .ﺪﻨﺳﺭﯽﻣ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻢﻠﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻭ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﻞﺼﻓ ﺮﺳ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﺭﺩ ﺪﯿﻧﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﻭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ .ﺪﯿﺋﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻭ ﺍﺪﯿﭘ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻖﺒﻃ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺵﻭﺭ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺍﺩﺮﮐ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﯽﻤﮐ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻩﻮﺟﻭ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﯽﺤﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺎﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﯼﺎﻫﻩﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﻪﮑﯿﺋﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭙﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻭ ﯽﻗﻼﺧﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ،ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺯﺎﺠﻣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯽﺿﺮﻓ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺪﯿﺸﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﻞﮑﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺱﺎﺒﺘﻗﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﻃﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﮏﻤﮐ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ .ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻩﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﮎﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺢﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﯽﻔﯿﻃ ﺩﺎﺠﯾﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﻤﮐ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯼﺍﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻊﯿﺳﻭ ،ﻞﻤﻋ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺍﺩﺮﮐﺕﺎﺤﯿﺿﻮﺗ ،ﯼﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻡﻮﻗ ، ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﯼﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ،ﯼﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺎﻬﻬﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺕﺍﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺽﺮﻏ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﯽﻨﻏ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﯼﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﺘﻨﺳ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻡﻮﻗ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﯽﺨﯾﺭﺎﺗ ،ﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺦﯾﺭﺎﺗ .ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﺖﺴﺗ ﺮﺻﺎﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍﻕﻮﻓ ﯼﺍﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﯽﺠﻨﺳ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﺖﺴﺗ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﻀﺘﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻗﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﯾ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺍﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﮏﯿﻣﺩﺎﮐﺁ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﻢﻬﻓ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﻭ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯼﻭﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯼﺍﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﯾﺍ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺭﺎﮐ ﯼﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﻭﺮﺑ ﯽﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻊﯾﺮﺳ ﯼﺭﻭﺁ ﺩﻮﺳ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﻩﺎﮔﺪﯾﺩ ﻦﯾﺍ ،ﻝﺎﺣﺮﻫﻪﺑ .ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻢﻫ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﯼﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻥﺩﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺮﯿﮔﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺍﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﻮﻐﺸﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﮐ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻊﻃﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻥﺎﯿﻣ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﻨﯿﻟﺎﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻑﺪﻫ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﻦﺘﺴﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﻥﺁ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﯼﺮﯿﮔﺭﺎﮑﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﯾ ﯼﺩﺍﺮﻔﻧﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﻪﺑ ﮏﻤﮐ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻭ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﺖﺒﻏﺭ ﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﻪﮑﯿﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﯼﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ًﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﯽﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﺠﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ ﯼﺩﺎﻋ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺎﯿﻋﺍﺪﺗ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯽﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻢﮐﺎﺣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺎﻫﯼﺪﻨﻣﺯﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻞﮑﺷ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ .ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘﯽﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﺟﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺐﺴﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﻥﺍﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﮐ ﯼﺭﻮﻃ ،ﻞﮐ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻡﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻠﻤﻋ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﻪﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺍﻭﺮﭘ ﯼﺎﻄﻋﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻢﻈﻨﻣ .ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ :ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻂﯾﺍﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻮﺗﺍﺮﺑﻻ ﯼﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﻪﯿﮑﺗ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺪﺘﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺵﻼﺗ .ﺪﻧﺮﯾﺬﭘﯽﻣ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﺸﺑ ﺀﺎﻨﺑﺍ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺮﺑ ﯼﺎﻫﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻢﻬﻓ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺲﮑﻋ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯼﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﯽﺠﻨﺳ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻥﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ .ﺪﻧﺮﯾﺬﭘﯽﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ،ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﺍﺪﺻ ﯼﺎﻫﻦﺗ ﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﮎﺍﺭﺩﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﯿﺳﺮﭘ ﺮﯾﺯ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ،ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ .ﺪﺠﻨﺴﺑ ﮏﯾ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳﺁ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﯾﺁ :ﺩﻮﺷ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭﻥﺁ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﺋﺎﻗ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺍﺪﺻ ﻦﺗ ﺖﻔﺟ ؟ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﺎﻫﻥﺁ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﯼﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻈﻨﻓﺮﺻ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍ ﻪﯿﻠﮐ ﻪﮐ ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﺴﮑﯾ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ،ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ )ﺢﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﺖﺴﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺍ ﯼﺎﺟﻪﺑ ﺺﺨﺷ ﺍﺮﭼ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ .ﺪﯿﻨﯿﺒﺑ ﺍﺭ ،ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘﯽﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺍ( ﻦﯾﺍ ﺖﺴﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻕﺎﺗﺍ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﮏﯾ ﺪﯾﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﺵﻮﮔ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍ ﯼﺮﺳ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﻮﺻ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺨﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺲﮑﻋ )ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ًﻼﺜﻣ ﻪﻤﮐﺩ ﮏﯾ(، ﻭﺩ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺎﻫﺍﻭﺁ ﻦﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺮﮑﻓ ﻪﮑﯿﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮔﺍ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺲﮑﻋ ﮏﯾ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯼﺍﺪﺻ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ .ﺪﻧﺍﻩﺪﯿﻨﺷ ﺍﺭ ﺍﺪﺻ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺮﮑﻓ ﺎﯾﺁ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﺢﯿﺤﺻ ﯼﺎﻫﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﺴﮑﯾ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺍﻭﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﻦﺗ ﻪﯿﻠﮐ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ .ﺩﻭﺭﯽﻣ ﺭﺎﮑﺑ ،ﺮﯿﺧ ﺎﯾ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺹﻮﺼﺨﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﯼﺭﺍﺪﯿﻨﺷ ﻩﺎﮔﺭﺩ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﮏﯾ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﮏﯾ ﺮﮔﺍ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ًﺍﺩﺪﺠﻣ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ .ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧﯽﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ،ﺮﯿﺧ ﺎﯾ ﺪﻫﺩﯽﻣ ﺥﺭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﺺﺨﺷ ﮏﯾ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ،ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺪﯿﺸﮐ ﺭﺎﮕﯿﺳ ﺎﯾﺁ ﺪﻧﺍﺪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﻩﺍﺭ ﮏﯾ .ﺮﯿﺧ ﺎﯾ ﺖﺴﻫ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﯾﺭ ﻥﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﻧﺁ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘﻔﮔ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﯼﺭﺎﮕﯿﺳ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﯾﺭ ﻥﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺕﺪﻣ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﻢﯿﺋﺎﻤﻧ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺪﻧﺍﻪﺘﺸﮔ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮐﺎﺣ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ،ﺹﺎﺧ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﯾﺩﮏﯾ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻭﺩ ﻦﯾﺍ ﯼﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ )ﺮﺑ ﯼﺭﺎﺒﻧﺎﯾﺯ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻥﻮﺗﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ًﻼﺒﻗ ﺩﺯﺎﺳﯽﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻪﯾﺭ(ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ،ﻝﺎﺣﺮﻫﻪﺑ . ﻊﻃﺎﻗ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻤﻧ ،ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑﺍ «ﺖﻠﻋ» ﺭﺎﮕﯿﺳ ﻥﺪﯿﺸﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺕﻭﺎﻀﻗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺖﻔﮔ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ .ﺖﺳﺍﻪﯾﺭ ﻥﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻥﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﺪﻌﺘﺴﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﻧﺁ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻦﯾﺰﮕﯾﺎﺟ .ﺪﻨﺸﮐﯽﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺭﺎﮕﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺩﺎﺠﯾﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﯿﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﺷﻭﺭ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮑﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺖﻟﻻﺩ ﺖﯿﻠﻋ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﺖﯾﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﯽﻠﺻﺍ .ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧﯽﻣ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﯽﻟﻮﻃ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯽﻟﻮﻃ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﯽﻋﻮﻧ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﮏﯾ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯽﺼﺨﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ،ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ .ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘﯽﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻩﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ).ﯼﺁ .ﻝﺍ .ﺱﺍ( ﮏﯾ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺹﺎﺧ ﯽﻄﯾﺍﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺖﯾﺰﻣ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﯼﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺵﻭﺭ ﯽﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺕﺪﻣ ﯽﻃ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﮏﯾ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ،ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻟﻭ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﯼﺩﺮﻓ ﯼﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻤﻧ ﻪﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻞﮐ ﻩﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﯼﺮﯿﮔﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ،ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻢﻫ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺖﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺭﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ،ﺪﻧﺮﺑﯽﻣ ﺞﻧﺭ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺎﯾ ﯼﺰﻐﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺍﺮﮔﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻭ ﺍﺮﮔﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺵﻼﺗ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﺎﯾ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺰﻐﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ ﯼﺩﺎﻋ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯼﺩﺎﻋ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﯽﺋﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻣﯽﻗﺎﺑ )«ﯼﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ» ﻡﺎﻨﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ( ﻪﺑ ﯽﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬﯿﺋﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺎﯾﺁ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﯾ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﯼﺮﺗ ﯽﺋﺰﺟ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﯼﺍﺮﮔﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ،ﻞﮐ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔﯽﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻕﺪﺻ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺎﻫﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﻦﯾﺍ .ﺪﻨﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ﺎﯾ ﺰﻐﻣ ﻦﮑﺳﺍ ،ﯼﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ – ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﻈﻨﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﻭ ،ﺹﺎﺧ ﯽﻠﻤﻋ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻦﯿﺣ ﻪﮐ ،ﻪﻤﺠﻤﺟ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﯽﺴﯿﻃﺎﻨﻐﻣ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﺨﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺌﻤﻄﻣ ﯽﺗﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﻥﺁ ﺖﯿﻤﻫﺍ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺰﻐﻣ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ .ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘﯽﻣ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﺕﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ ﯼﺍﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻝﺪﻣ Neural network with two layers ﯼﺍﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻪﺒﯿﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯼﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺍﺮﮔﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺹﺎﺧ ﯼﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ .ﺩﻭﺭﯽﻣ ﺭﺎﮑﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭ ﮏﯾ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯼﺩﺎﯾﺯ ﯼﺎﻫﺖﯾﺰﻣ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍﻕﻮﻓ ﯽﺘﻋﺮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺭﺪﻣ ﺍﺭ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺁﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﮎﺪﻧﺍ ﺕﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﺶﯾﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺩﺎﯾﺯ ﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻣ ﯼﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ،ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﻢﺴﺠﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﻊﯾﺎﻗﻭ ﯼﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﯾﻭﺭ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ﺮﻣﺍ .ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﯼﺯﺎﺴﻟﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺪﻧﻮﯿﭘ .ﺩﺮﯿﮔﯽﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺰﻐﻣ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺳﺍ ﮏﯿﻠﺒﻤﺳ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻝﺪﻣ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺵﻭﺭ .ﺪﯾﻮﺟﯽﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﺀﺎﯿﺷﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ .ﺩﺭﻭﺁﯽﻣﺭﺩ ﺶﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﯼﺯﺎﺴﻟﺪﻣ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﯼﺎﻫﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﻭ .ﯽﻗﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﻥﺭﺪﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻦﮑﯿﻟﻭ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻼﺗ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯽﺨﯾﺭﺎﺗ ﺕﺎﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺕﺎﯿﻗﻼﺧﺍ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﻮﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻦﻫﺫ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﻫﺩ ﻞﮑﺷﻪﺑ ،ﯼﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﺷﻭﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺍﺮﯾﺯ ؛ﺪﻧﺍﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺖﯿﻫﺎﻣ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺰﯿﭼ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺠﯿﺑ ﺀﺎﯿﺷﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﺑ .ﺪﻨﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺍ ﯽﻫﺎﮔ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﯽﺑ ﺎﯾ ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﯽﺑ ،ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺺﯾﺎﺼﺧ ﻥﺩﺮﺑ ﯽﻘﻠﺗ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺮﺸﺑ ﺀﺎﻨﺑﺍ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﺮﻫ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺘﻣﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﮎﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻢﻠﻋ ﮏﯾ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻀﻌﺑ ﻪﯿﮑﺗ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﯽﺑﺎﯾﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﻞﯿﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ «ﻒﯿﻌﺿ» ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺍﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﮐ ﯼﺍﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺪﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﺎﻋﺩﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻞﯿﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ ،ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯼﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺖﯿﻨﻫﺫ ﺎﯾﺁ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﻧﺁ ﻪﺣﻭﺮﻄﻣ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﺎﺠﻨﯾﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﯼﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﺴﯾﺎﺑ ،ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ،ﺖﯿﻨﯿﻋ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻠﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺍﺮﯾﺯ ﺮﯿﺧ ﺎﯾ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺏﻮﺟﻭ ﯼﺪﯿﻠﮐ ﯼﺎﻫﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﺖﯾﺪﻣﺎﺟ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻨﯾﺁﯽﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﯼﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ،ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﯼﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻭ ﯼﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ،ﺎﻫﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ،ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﻩﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ ﯼﺍﻩﺪﻨﯾﺍﺰﻓ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﯼﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ،ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺮﺗﺭﺍﺩ ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ﯼﺎﻬﺷﻭﺭ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻫﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔﺭﺩ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ

ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ )ﻪﺑ ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ: Psychology( ، ﻩﺪﻧﺯ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ِﻦﻫﺫ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺍﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ٔﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ـ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﺨﺑ ـ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺵﻭﺭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻤﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺎﺑ ،ﯽﻣﺩﺁ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ ،ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﻭﺭ ،ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ،ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﯿﻈﻧ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻒﯾﺎﻇﻭ ﺯﺍ …ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻭ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﭻﯿﻫ ًﺎﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ ،ﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ٔﻪﺸﯾﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﮎﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻤﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﯼﺍﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ؛ﺪﺷﺎﺒﻧ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﯾﺍ ﯽﻨﺘﺴﺴﮔ ﺎﻧ ﯼﺪﻧﻮﯿﭘ ﻥﺭﺪﻣ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﯽﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭ ﯼﮊﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗ ،ﻢﻠﻋ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻩﻭﻼﻌﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﯼﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﻗﻭ ﯽﻣﺩﺁ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ،ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻩﺎﻓﺭ ،ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﯾﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ؛ﺪﻨﮐ ﺍﺪﯿﭘ ﻪﺸﯾﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﯿﻣ ﺭﺩ ﯼﺭﻮﻬﻇﻮﻧ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﯽﺘﺣ ﻭ ﺕﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾﺁﯽﻣ ﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﺮﺸﺑ ﺕﺎﯿﻨﻫﺫ ﻭ ﺭﺎﮑﻓﺍ ؛ﺪﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﭼ ﻭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﯼﺮﯿﮕﺸﯿﭘ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ،ﻞﺣ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺍﺩﻪﯾﻼﻃ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻠﺣ ﻩﺍﺭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺧﺎﺷﺍﺮﻓﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ؛ﺖﺴﯾﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ِﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ِﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﯿﻏ ،ﺎﻫﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﻋﺍﺰﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ـ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ـ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﻞﯿﻟﺩ ،ﻥﺁ » ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﯼﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻣﺍﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺵﻭﺭﻭ ،« ،ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺸﺨﺑ ِﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﯼﻩﺮﯾﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺱﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﯾﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﯿﻘﻋ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ؛ﺪﻧﺎﺸﮐﯽﻣ ﺮﺛﺄﻣ ﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺪﻨﯾﺍﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯼﺎﯿﻧﺩ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ،ﺰﯿﻧ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺬﻟ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﺪﯾﺎﺷ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ .ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺼﺤﻨﻣ ﯼﺍﻩﺰﯿﻣﺁ ًﺎﺘﻘﯿﻘﺣ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺖﺴﯾﺯ ﺮﯿﻈﻧ ﯽﻧﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺎﺑﺯ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ .ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ …ﻭ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻪﺑ ،ﮏﯿﻣﺩﺎﮐﺁ ﻭ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻢﻫﺪﺠﻫ ﻥﺮﻗ ﻞﯾﺍﻭﺍ ﻭ ﻢﻫﺪﻔﻫ ﻥﺮﻗ ﺮﺧﺍﻭﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﺸﺘﮐﺍ ﺖﻔﮔ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ؛ﺩﺩﺮﮕﯿﻣﺯﺎﺑ ۱۵۰ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻭ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﺶﯿﭘ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺮﺗﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﯼﺍﻪﭽﺨﯾﺭﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﮐ ﻦﻫﺫ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺮﺗﺭﺎﺑﺮﭘ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺮﮑﻔﺘﻣ ﻦﻫﺫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺎﻫﻥﺮﻗ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻣﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺏﻮﺘﮑﻣ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻝﻮﻐﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻃﻼﻓﺍ ،ﻁﺍﺮﻘﺳ ﻥﻮﭼ ﯽﻧﺍﺮﮑﻔﺘﻣ ﻭ ﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﯾ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻮﻄﺳﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻭﺪﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﯾﺪﺟ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺶﯿﭘ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﮏﯿﻣﺩﺎﮐﺁ [۱]. ﺖﻐﻟ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ٔﻪﻤﻠﮐ Psychology :ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺶﯾﺍﻭﺁ ﺎﺑ / saɪˈkɑlədʒi/ ) ﺪﯿﻫﺪﺑ ﺵﻮﮔ( ﺎﻤﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﯾ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺯﺍ Ψυχολογία ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺍﻭ ٔﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻦﯾﺍ ؛ﻩﺪﺷ ψυχή ﻭ λόγος ،ﺽﺎﻤﻏﺍ ﯽﻤﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ؛ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ «ﺡﻭﺭ ٔﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ» ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ )ﻪﺑ ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ: Study of Soul( ﺪﻧﺍﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑ [۲]. Psyche ٔﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺐﻟﺎﺟ )ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﯾ: ψυχή( ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﯾ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ «ﺡﻭﺭ» )ﻪﺑ ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍSoul :( ﻭ ،ﺪﻫﺩﯽﻣ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ «ﻞﻘﻋ» ﺎﯾ «ﻦﻫﺫ» ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ )ﻪﺑ ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ: Mind( ﺩﺮﯿﮔﯽﻤﻧ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ [۳] ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ ، ِﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﯾ ٔﻩﮊﺍﻭ ،ﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﺞﯾﺍﺭ ﻩﺎﺒﺘﺷﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ Mind ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ًﺎﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ Psyche ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ [۴] ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺢﯿﺤﺻ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺍﺬﻟ . ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ Study of Mind ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ Study of Soul ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺎﯾ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ Pschology ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﯽﺑﺮﻋ ٔﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ،ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺜﮐﺍ ﺭﺩ «ﻥﺍﻭﺭ» ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ «ﺡﻭﺭ» [۵]ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﺍﺬﻟ ؛ ﺺﻗﺎﻧ ﯼﺍﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ،ﺵﺍﯽﺴﯿﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺪﺳﺭﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ «ﻪﻘﻃﺎﻧ ﺲﻔﻧ» ِﯽﺑﺮﻋ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ]؟ﻝﻭﺍ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ[ ،«ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ» ﺭﺩ «ﺱﺎﻨﺷ» ﺀﺰﺟ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﻦﯾﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﺖﻔﺻ ًﺎﻣﺍﺰﻟﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺍﺪﺟ ﯼﺯﺎﺠﻣ ٔﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ [۶]. ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ٔﻪﭽﺨﯾﺭﺎﺗ ﯽﻃ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﯿﻟﻭﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﺷ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﯽﺗﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻧﺍﺩﯽﻣ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺪﯿﮐﺄﺗ ﻭ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻥﺮﻗ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺭﺩ ،ﯽﻨﯿﻋ ﯼﺮﯿﮔ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯼﺎﻫﻩﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﯼﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ .ﺪﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻢﻫ ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺎﻫﺽﺮﻓ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺎﺑ ،ﻥﺎﯿﻣﺩﺁ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻫﻥﺍﻮﯿﺣ ﺎﻫﻥﺍﻮﯿﺣ ﺎﺑ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ-۱ :ﻪﮐ ﺎﻫﻥﺍﻮﯿﺣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ-۲ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﯿﻣﺩﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻢﯿﻤﻌﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺎﺗ ۱۹۳۰ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻥﺎﯾﺎﺷ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﯽﻓ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﺳﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺭﺩ ۱۹۶۰ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ .ﺪﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻭ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺭﺍﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﻠﺒﻗ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻒﯾﺭﺎﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻢﯾﺍﻩﺪﯿﺳﺭ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻫ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺎﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ .ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺍﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ :ﻢﯿﻨﮐ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﻢﯿﻧﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻢﻫ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺍ .ﯽﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺍﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯽﻨﯿﻋ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﮎﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻢﻬﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻫ ﻭ .ﺩﺯﺎﺳﯽﻣ ﻥﺎﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ًﺎﻤﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺍﺮﻓ -ﺐﺼﻋ ﻭ ﯼﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺴﯿﻧ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﯾﺎﻨﻋ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺖﺴﯾﺯ [۷] ﯼﺭﺎﮐ ﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻢﻫ ﻞﺜﻣ ﯽﻣﺩﺁ ﻭﺩ ﭻﯿﻫ ﻥﻮﭼ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺨﺳ ﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ﻪﭽﺨﯾﺭﺎﺗ :ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺦﯾﺭﺎﺗ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺎﺗ ﺍﺭﻥﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺸﯾﺭ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯼﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﻣﺪﻗ ﯽﻧﺍﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺩﻼﯿﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺶﯿﭘ ﻢﺠﻨﭘ ﻭ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻩﺪﺳ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻟﻭ .ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﻮﻄﺳﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻃﻼﻓﺍ ﻥﻮﭼ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ” ،۱۹ ﻥﺮﻗ ،ﺱﻮﻬﮕﻨﯿﺑﺍ ﻦﻣﺮﻫ ﻝﻮﻗ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﯼﺍﻪﭽﺨﯾﺭﺎﺗ ﺎﻣﺍ ﺯﺍﺭﺩ ﯼﺍﻪﻨﯿﺸﯿﭘ )ﺰﺘﻟﻮﺷ ۱۸ ﺹ ،۱۳۷۲ ،ﺰﺘﻟﻮﺷ ﻭ(ﻞﯿﺼﺤﺗ ﻑﻮﺴﻠﯿﻓ ﮏﯾ . ﻉﺍﺪﺑﺍ ﺱﻮﯿﻨﻠﺳﻮﮔ ﻒﻟﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻡﺎﻨﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻤﻟﺁ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ «ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ» ﺡﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ )۱۹۵۰(. ﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﻪﺸﯾﺭ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ " ﯼﺎﻨﻌﻤﺑ psycheﻥﺍﻭﺭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﯾ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺧﺍﻭﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﻢﻫﺩﺯﻮﻧ ﻩﺪﺳﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ، ﻢﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺍﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻭ .ﺪﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﻫﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺶﯿﮐ ﮏﯾ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺭﺎﮑﻓﺍ ﻢﺟﺎﻬﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ۱۸۷۹ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﯽﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﯽﮕﻧﺎﮕﯾ ﯼﺩﻮﺑﺎﻧ ﻡﺎﻨﺑ ﯽﺼﺨﺷ ﺕﺪﻧﻭ ﻢﻠﻬﻠﯾﻭ )ﺭﺪﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ( ﺲﯿﺳﺄﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﮏﯾ ﮏﯾﺰﭙﯾﻻ ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺁ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯼﻭﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻡﺎﯿﻠﯾﻭ ۱۸۹۰ ﺰﻤﯿﺟ «ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻝﻮﺻﺍ» ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺏﺎﺘﮐﺭﺩ ﺏﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﯼﺎﻬﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻬﻟﺎﺳ ﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺩﺎﯿﻨﺑ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ،ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺱﺍﻮﮕﻨﯿﺑﺍ ﻦﻣﺮﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ )ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺯﺎﺘﺸﯿﭘ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ(ﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ، ﯽﺳﻭﺭ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻒﻟﻭﺎﭘ ﻥﺍﻮﯾﺍ )ﯼﺮﯿﮔﺩﺎﯾ ﺪﻨﯾﺁﺮﻓ ﺮﮑﺘﺒﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺼﺨﺷ ﮏﯿﺳﻼﮐ ﻥﺪﺷ ﯽﻃﺮﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ( .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﻡﺎﻨﺑ ﯽﺼﺨﺷ ،ﻝﺎﺣ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺪﯾﻭﺮﻓ ﺪﻧﻮﻤﮕﯾﺯ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻞﯿﺼﺤﺗ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺐﺼﻋ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﯾﺪﻧ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻤﺳﺭ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺵﻭﺭ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻉﺍﺪﺑﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻡﺎﻨﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﯽﻋﺍﺪﺗ .ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻫﺫ ﺯﺍ ﺪﯾﻭﺮﻓ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻭ ﯼﺮﯿﺴﻔﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﯼﺮﮕﻧ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﯽﻟﻭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﺸﯾﺮﭘﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﻞﺣ ﯼﻭﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯽﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺐﯿﺳﺁ ﻭ ﺖﯿﻓﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻞﯿﻟﺩ ﺪﻧﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﺭﻮﻬﺸﻣ ﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺪﯾﻭﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺗﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﯿﮔﺭﺩ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻞﯿﺒﻗ ﺖﯿﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﺏﻮﮐﺮﺳ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ]ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﺪﻨﻣﺯﺎﯿﻧ[ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ . ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻋﻮﻨﻤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﯽﻟﺪﺒﻣ ﺪﯾﻭﺮﻓ ﻭ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻊﺟﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ .ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻮﮕﺘﻔﮔ ﻭ ﺚﺤﺑ ﺏﺍﺩﺁ ﯼﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻊﻣﺎﺠﻣ ﺪﯾﻭﺮﻓ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ،ﯼﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺍ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﯽﻟﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺎﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﯽﻨﯿﻟﺎﺑ ﯽﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺲﮑﻋ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺸﺨﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺮﮕﻧ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﯼﺩﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻢﻬﺒﻣ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺩﺪﺠﻣ ﯼﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﯼﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ،ﯽﮐﺩﻮﮐ ﺖﺳﺩﺭﻭﺩ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻟﺰﻨﻤﺑ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﯽﺋﺎﻤﻨﻫﺍﺭ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﻧﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ .ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﻥﻮﺴﺗﺍﻭ .ﯽﺑ ﻥﺎﺟ، ﮏﯾﺍﺪﻧﺮﺳ ﯽﻟ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﺩﺍ ﻭ ﺮﻨﯿﮑﺳﺍ .ﻑﺍ .ﯽﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺘﺸﯿﭘ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ .ﻦﻫﺫ ﻪﻧ ﻭ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ،ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﯼﺎﻫﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺎﯾ ﺕﻼﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ )۱۹۱۳( ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﯼﺭﺎﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﺴﺗﺍﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍ «ﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﯾﺩ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ» ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﯼﺍﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﮐ ﻡﺯﻻ ﯼﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﮑﺷﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﻭ ،ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔﯽﻤﻧ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﯽﺘﻔﺻ ﻥﺍﻮﯿﺣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻦﯿﺑ ﯼﺯﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ﻞﺋﺎﻗ ﻩﺪﺳ ﻦﯾﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﻝﺎﺳ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺑ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻭ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻣﺁﺮﺳ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﻞﯿﻟﺩ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ )ﻎﯿﻠﺒﺗ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻪﻧ( ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﻥﺪﺷ ﯽﻃﺮﺷ ﯼﺎﻫﻝﺪﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻢﮐ ﻢﮐ ،ﻝﺎﺣﺮﻫﻪﺑ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﮑﻧﺁ ﻢﻏﺮﯿﻠﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻟﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﯽﻤﻬﻣ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﺸﺘﮐﺍ ﺮﻈﻧﻪﺑ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺎﮐ ﺎﻧ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯼﺎﻤﻨﻫﺍﺭ ﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﮏﯾ ﺮﺛﺍ ﯽﻣﻼﮐ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ"ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﯽﻨﯿﺑﺯﺎﺑ .ﺪﯿﺳﺭﯽﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﻨﯿﮑﺳﺍ ﯽﮑﺴﻣﺎﭼ ﻡﺍﻮﻧ )ﺢﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﯾﺁﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﮐﺍ ﺏﻮﭼ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ( ﻢﺘﺧ ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮑﯾ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ .ﺪﯾﺁﯽﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺷﻪﺑ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻤﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺍ ﯽﮑﺴﻣﺎﭼ ﻥﺪﺷ ﯽﻃﺮﺷ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺘﻤﻫ ﯽﺑ ﯽﺗﻼﻤﺟ ﺪﻧﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﺍﺮﯾﺯ ؛ﺖﺧﻮﻣﺁ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻨﺘﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻥﺎﯿﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻦﯾﺍ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻩﺮﻣﺯﻭﺭ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻦﻫﺫ ﯽﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺁﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﻧﺁ ﺪﯾﺆﻣ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﺩﺭ ﻢﻫﻮﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫﻥﺁ ﻥﺎﯾﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﮐ ،ﻞﮑﺷ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ًﺎﻌﻗﺍﻭ ،ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐﯽﻣ ﺪﻧﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﮐﺩﻮﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭﻭﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﺕﺮﺒﻟﺁ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺮﯿﮔﺩﺎﯾ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺯﻮﻣﺎﯿﺑ ﯽﻨﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ .ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺏﺎﺴﺣ ﯽﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﯼﺎﻫﯽﺋﺎﻤﻧﺯﺎﺑ ﯼﻭﺮﺑ ۱۹۵۰ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ 'ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﺮﺸﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ' ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍﺲﮑﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻣﺁ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﮑﺑ ﻦﻫﺫ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺪﯿﮐﺄﺗ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﺍﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﺮﺸﺑ ﺀﺎﻨﺑﺍ ﻢﻬﻓ ﯼﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ ﺕﺍﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺸﯾﺭ .ﺪﻣﺁ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﺮﺸﺑ ﺎﻫﺖﺴﯿﻟﺎﯿﺴﻧﺎﺘﺳﺰﮔﺍ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻭ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﺍﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺭ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺵﻭﺭ ﯼﺮﺸﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻌﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻭ ﯽﻧﺎﻌﻣ ﻪﯿﻠﮐ ﻪﯿﻠﺨﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﯼﺮﯿﮔﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ .ﺖﺸﮔ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺪﻧﺯ ﯼﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﻭﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﯼﺮﮑﻓ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﻦﯿﺴﯾﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻮﻟﺯﺎﻣ ﻡﺎﻫﺍﺮﺑﺁ ﺮﮑﺘﺒﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ، ﺯﺮﺟﺍﺭ ﻝﺭﺎﮐ ﯼﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺮﮑﺘﺒﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻂﺴﺑ ﻭ ﺮﮑﺘﺒﻣ ﺰﻟﺮﭘ ﺰﺘﯿﻓ ﻭ ﯼﺭﺍﺪﻣ ﺖﻟﺎﺘﺸﮔ. ﻩﺭﺎﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯼﺍﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭ ﯼﺭﻭﺎﻨﻓ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺵﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ .ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫﻪﺑ ﯼﺭﻭﺎﻨﻓ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺶﯾﺍﺪﯿﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻫﺫ ﯽﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ .ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻦﻫﺫ ﻪﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﺑ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﻤﺴﻗ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺞﯾﺍﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻞﯿﻟﺩ .ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﻝﻭﺍﺪﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯼﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻥﻮﺘﮕﻨﯾﺮﺷ ﺰﻟﺭﺎﭼ ﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﻤﺴﻗ ﻭ ﺐﻫ ﺪﻟﺎﻧﻭﺩ ﯼﺰﻐﻣ ﺖﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ )ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺍﺮﮔﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺪﯿﻨﯿﺒﺑ ﺍﺭ( .ﺖﺸﮔ ﯽﻣﺮﺑ ،ﺰﻐﻣ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﯼﺮﯿﮔﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﻭﺎﻨﻓ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻭ ﯼﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﺨﺑ .ﺪﻧﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﯼﺮﯿﮔﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ )ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓﺶﻧﺍﺩ ، ﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ( ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺮﺘﭼ ،ﻦﻫﺫ ﻢﻬﻓ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ .ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﻩﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﯼﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﺵﻼﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ،ﻝﺎﺣﺮﻫﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻦﻫﺫ «ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ» ﯼﺎﻫﻝﺪﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﻪﻘﻠﺣ .ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﯽﺷﻮﺨﻟﺩ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻭﺍ ﺖﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ،ﺖﺳﺩ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻭ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﻝﺭﺎﮐ ﯽﻠﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﮓﻧﻮﯾ ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ ﺐﻠﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﯽﻧﺎﺣﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺸﯾﺭ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺩﺭﺎﻫﺮﮔ ﻭ ﯽﮑﯾﻮﮑﺳﻮﻣ ﯽﺌﮔﺮﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮑﻓ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻦﯾﻭﺍﺩ ﯼﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ًﺎﻣﺍﺰﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺮﺘﻌﯿﺳﻭ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻭ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯼﺎﻫﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﯾ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺕﻼﮑﺸﻣ ًﺍﺮﯿﺧﺍ ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺮﺸﺑ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃﺍ ﻭ ﺶﻣﺍﺭﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﯿﺳﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﯽﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻭ ﯽﮔﺩﺮﺴﻓﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻭﺰﺟ ﺯﺎﺑﺮﯾﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﯽﻣﺩﺁ ﻦﯿﺘﺷﺮﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺸﺑ ﻞﻠﻋ ﺢﯾﺮﺸﺗ ﻦﻤﺿ ،ﯼﺮﺸﺑ ﻦﻬﮐ ﯼﺎﻫﻦﯿﯾﺁ ﻭ ﻥﺎﯾﺩﺍ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺭﺎﮑﻫﺍﺭ ،ﯽﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﯽﺣﻭﺭ ﺶﻣﺍﺭﺁ ﻑﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺮﺸﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ ﯼﺎﻫﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮑﯾ ﯽﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ،ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﮐﺍﺮﭼ ؛ﺖﺴﻫ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯼﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻡﺰﻠﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯽﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺰﻐﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ ﺰﻐﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ :ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻒﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﯼﺎﻬﺷﻼﺗ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺢﯾﺮﺸﺗ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ،ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺷﻮﻫ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﺋﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺢﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺖﺴﯿﺑ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺩﯽﻣ ﺥﺭ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺷﻮﻫ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﻭ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺯﻮﻨﻫ .ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﺎﯾ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﯾﺍ ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺷﻮﻫ ﺎﯾﺁ :ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺖﺴﯾﺭﺎﯿﺷﻮﻫ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﺎﯾ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺹﺎﺧ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻬﻨﯾﺍ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﺎﯾ ﻭ ﺪﯾﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻢﻬﻓ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ؟ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ «ﺰﻐﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ» ﻭ «ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺷﻮﻫ» ﻒﯾﺭﺎﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﯽﻋﻮﻧ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺷﻮﻫ ﺎﯾﺁ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﺎﯾ – ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﺎﻨﺷﺁ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﭻﯿﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ «ﻝﺎﯿﺧ ﻭ ﻢﻫﻭ» ﺰﯿﻧ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﻬﻓ ؟ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺁﺮﻓ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻭ ﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﯾﺍﺰﻓ ﯽﺗﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ًﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺵﻮﻫ ﯽﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ، .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯼﺍﺮﮔﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯼﺮﮑﻓ ﺐﺗﺎﮑﻣ ﮏﯾ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ ﯼﺮﮑﻓ ﺐﺗﺎﮑﻣ ﺮﺜﮐﺍ ﺚﺤﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻤﻨﻫﺍﺭ ﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻝﺪﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺖﯾﺮﺜﮐﺍ ﺎﯾ ،ﻪﯿﻠﮐ ﻥﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺐﺗﺎﮑﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺖﯿﺑﻮﺒﺤﻣ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﺢﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﺷﯽﻣ ﺩﺎﯾﺯ ﻭ ﻢﮐ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻭﺮﯿﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺭﻮﺼﺗ ﺮﺜﮐﺍ ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ ،ﺪﻧﺍﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻘﺑﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﺻﺎﺧ ﻢﻬﻓ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﯽﺷﻭﺭ ﺍﺭ ﺐﺗﺎﮑﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﮐ ﺮﻫ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﯼﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ًﺎﻣﻭﺰﻟ ﻪﻧ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ .ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭﺮﻤﻠﻗ ﻭ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﻭ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺁﺮﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺮﯾﺯ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﯼﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯽﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺮﯾﺯ ﻦﯾﻭﺎﻨﻋ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ .ﺪﻨﺳﺭﯽﻣ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻢﻠﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻭ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﻞﺼﻓ ﺮﺳ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﺭﺩ ﺪﯿﻧﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﻭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ .ﺪﯿﺋﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻭ ﺍﺪﯿﭘ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻖﺒﻃ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺵﻭﺭ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺍﺩﺮﮐ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﯽﻤﮐ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻩﻮﺟﻭ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﯽﺤﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺎﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﯼﺎﻫﻩﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﻪﮑﯿﺋﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭙﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻭ ﯽﻗﻼﺧﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ،ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺯﺎﺠﻣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯽﺿﺮﻓ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺪﯿﺸﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﻞﮑﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺱﺎﺒﺘﻗﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﻃﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﮏﻤﮐ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ .ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻩﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﮎﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺢﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﯽﻔﯿﻃ ﺩﺎﺠﯾﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﻤﮐ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯼﺍﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻊﯿﺳﻭ ،ﻞﻤﻋ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺍﺩﺮﮐﺕﺎﺤﯿﺿﻮﺗ ،ﯼﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻡﻮﻗ ، ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﯼﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ،ﯼﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺎﻬﻬﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺕﺍﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺽﺮﻏ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﯽﻨﻏ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﯼﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﺘﻨﺳ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻡﻮﻗ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﯽﺨﯾﺭﺎﺗ ،ﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺦﯾﺭﺎﺗ .ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﺖﺴﺗ ﺮﺻﺎﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍﻕﻮﻓ ﯼﺍﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﯽﺠﻨﺳ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﺖﺴﺗ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﻀﺘﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻗﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﯾ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺍﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﮏﯿﻣﺩﺎﮐﺁ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﻢﻬﻓ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﻭ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯼﻭﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯼﺍﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﯾﺍ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺭﺎﮐ ﯼﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﻭﺮﺑ ﯽﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻊﯾﺮﺳ ﯼﺭﻭﺁ ﺩﻮﺳ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﻩﺎﮔﺪﯾﺩ ﻦﯾﺍ ،ﻝﺎﺣﺮﻫﻪﺑ .ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻢﻫ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﯼﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻥﺩﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺮﯿﮔﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺍﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﻮﻐﺸﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﮐ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻊﻃﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻥﺎﯿﻣ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﻨﯿﻟﺎﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻑﺪﻫ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﻦﺘﺴﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﻥﺁ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﯼﺮﯿﮔﺭﺎﮑﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﯾ ﯼﺩﺍﺮﻔﻧﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﻪﺑ ﮏﻤﮐ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻭ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﺖﺒﻏﺭ ﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﻪﮑﯿﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﯼﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ًﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﯽﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﺠﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ ﯼﺩﺎﻋ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺎﯿﻋﺍﺪﺗ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯽﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻢﮐﺎﺣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺎﻫﯼﺪﻨﻣﺯﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻞﮑﺷ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ .ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘﯽﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﺟﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺐﺴﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﻥﺍﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﮐ ﯼﺭﻮﻃ ،ﻞﮐ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻡﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻠﻤﻋ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﻪﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺍﻭﺮﭘ ﯼﺎﻄﻋﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻢﻈﻨﻣ .ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ :ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻂﯾﺍﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻮﺗﺍﺮﺑﻻ ﯼﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﻪﯿﮑﺗ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺪﺘﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺵﻼﺗ .ﺪﻧﺮﯾﺬﭘﯽﻣ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﺸﺑ ﺀﺎﻨﺑﺍ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺮﺑ ﯼﺎﻫﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻢﻬﻓ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺲﮑﻋ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯼﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﯽﺠﻨﺳ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻥﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ .ﺪﻧﺮﯾﺬﭘﯽﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ،ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﺍﺪﺻ ﯼﺎﻫﻦﺗ ﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﮎﺍﺭﺩﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﯿﺳﺮﭘ ﺮﯾﺯ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ،ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ .ﺪﺠﻨﺴﺑ ﮏﯾ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳﺁ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﯾﺁ :ﺩﻮﺷ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭﻥﺁ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﺋﺎﻗ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺍﺪﺻ ﻦﺗ ﺖﻔﺟ ؟ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﺎﻫﻥﺁ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﯼﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻈﻨﻓﺮﺻ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍ ﻪﯿﻠﮐ ﻪﮐ ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﺴﮑﯾ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ،ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ )ﺢﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﺖﺴﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺍ ﯼﺎﺟﻪﺑ ﺺﺨﺷ ﺍﺮﭼ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ .ﺪﯿﻨﯿﺒﺑ ﺍﺭ ،ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘﯽﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺍ( ﻦﯾﺍ ﺖﺴﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻕﺎﺗﺍ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﮏﯾ ﺪﯾﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﺵﻮﮔ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍ ﯼﺮﺳ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﻮﺻ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺨﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺲﮑﻋ )ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ًﻼﺜﻣ ﻪﻤﮐﺩ ﮏﯾ(، ﻭﺩ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺎﻫﺍﻭﺁ ﻦﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺮﮑﻓ ﻪﮑﯿﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮔﺍ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺲﮑﻋ ﮏﯾ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯼﺍﺪﺻ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ .ﺪﻧﺍﻩﺪﯿﻨﺷ ﺍﺭ ﺍﺪﺻ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺮﮑﻓ ﺎﯾﺁ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﺢﯿﺤﺻ ﯼﺎﻫﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﺴﮑﯾ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺍﻭﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﻦﺗ ﻪﯿﻠﮐ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ .ﺩﻭﺭﯽﻣ ﺭﺎﮑﺑ ،ﺮﯿﺧ ﺎﯾ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺹﻮﺼﺨﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﯼﺭﺍﺪﯿﻨﺷ ﻩﺎﮔﺭﺩ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﮏﯾ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﮏﯾ ﺮﮔﺍ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ًﺍﺩﺪﺠﻣ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ .ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧﯽﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ،ﺮﯿﺧ ﺎﯾ ﺪﻫﺩﯽﻣ ﺥﺭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﺺﺨﺷ ﮏﯾ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ،ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺪﯿﺸﮐ ﺭﺎﮕﯿﺳ ﺎﯾﺁ ﺪﻧﺍﺪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﻩﺍﺭ ﮏﯾ .ﺮﯿﺧ ﺎﯾ ﺖﺴﻫ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﯾﺭ ﻥﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﻧﺁ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘﻔﮔ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﯼﺭﺎﮕﯿﺳ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﯾﺭ ﻥﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺕﺪﻣ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﻢﯿﺋﺎﻤﻧ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺪﻧﺍﻪﺘﺸﮔ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮐﺎﺣ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ،ﺹﺎﺧ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﯾﺩﮏﯾ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻭﺩ ﻦﯾﺍ ﯼﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ )ﺮﺑ ﯼﺭﺎﺒﻧﺎﯾﺯ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻥﻮﺗﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ًﻼﺒﻗ ﺩﺯﺎﺳﯽﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻪﯾﺭ(ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ،ﻝﺎﺣﺮﻫﻪﺑ . ﻊﻃﺎﻗ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻤﻧ ،ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑﺍ «ﺖﻠﻋ» ﺭﺎﮕﯿﺳ ﻥﺪﯿﺸﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺕﻭﺎﻀﻗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺖﻔﮔ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ .ﺖﺳﺍﻪﯾﺭ ﻥﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻥﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﺪﻌﺘﺴﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﻧﺁ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻦﯾﺰﮕﯾﺎﺟ .ﺪﻨﺸﮐﯽﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺭﺎﮕﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺩﺎﺠﯾﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﯿﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﺷﻭﺭ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮑﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺖﻟﻻﺩ ﺖﯿﻠﻋ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﺖﯾﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﯽﻠﺻﺍ .ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧﯽﻣ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﯽﻟﻮﻃ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯽﻟﻮﻃ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﯽﻋﻮﻧ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﮏﯾ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯽﺼﺨﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ،ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ .ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘﯽﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻩﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ).ﯼﺁ .ﻝﺍ .ﺱﺍ( ﮏﯾ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺹﺎﺧ ﯽﻄﯾﺍﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺖﯾﺰﻣ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﯼﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺵﻭﺭ ﯽﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺕﺪﻣ ﯽﻃ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﯿﻌﺿﻭ ﮏﯾ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ،ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻟﻭ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﯼﺩﺮﻓ ﯼﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻤﻧ ﻪﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻞﮐ ﻩﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﯼﺮﯿﮔﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ،ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻢﻫ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺖﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺭﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ،ﺪﻧﺮﺑﯽﻣ ﺞﻧﺭ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺎﯾ ﯼﺰﻐﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺍﺮﮔﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻭ ﺍﺮﮔﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺵﻼﺗ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﺎﯾ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺰﻐﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺫ ﯼﺩﺎﻋ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯼﺩﺎﻋ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﯽﺋﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻣﯽﻗﺎﺑ )«ﯼﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ» ﻡﺎﻨﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ( ﻪﺑ ﯽﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬﯿﺋﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺎﯾﺁ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﯾ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﯼﺮﺗ ﯽﺋﺰﺟ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﯼﺍﺮﮔﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ،ﻞﮐ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔﯽﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻕﺪﺻ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺎﻫﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﻦﯾﺍ .ﺪﻨﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﺍ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ﺎﯾ ﺰﻐﻣ ﻦﮑﺳﺍ ،ﯼﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ – ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﻈﻨﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﻭ ،ﺹﺎﺧ ﯽﻠﻤﻋ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻦﯿﺣ ﻪﮐ ،ﻪﻤﺠﻤﺟ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﯽﺴﯿﻃﺎﻨﻐﻣ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﺨﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺌﻤﻄﻣ ﯽﺗﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﻥﺁ ﺖﯿﻤﻫﺍ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺰﻐﻣ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ .ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘﯽﻣ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﺕﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ ﯼﺍﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻝﺪﻣ Neural network with two layers ﯼﺍﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻪﺒﯿﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯼﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺍﺮﮔﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺹﺎﺧ ﯼﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ .ﺩﻭﺭﯽﻣ ﺭﺎﮑﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭ ﮏﯾ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯼﺩﺎﯾﺯ ﯼﺎﻫﺖﯾﺰﻣ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍﻕﻮﻓ ﯽﺘﻋﺮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺭﺪﻣ ﺍﺭ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾﺁﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﮎﺪﻧﺍ ﺕﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﺶﯾﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺩﺎﯾﺯ ﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻣ ﯼﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ،ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﻢﺴﺠﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﻊﯾﺎﻗﻭ ﯼﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﯾﻭﺭ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ﺮﻣﺍ .ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﯼﺯﺎﺴﻟﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﺪﻧﻮﯿﭘ .ﺩﺮﯿﮔﯽﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺰﻐﻣ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺳﺍ ﮏﯿﻠﺒﻤﺳ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﻝﺪﻣ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺵﻭﺭ .ﺪﯾﻮﺟﯽﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﻨﻫﺫ ﺀﺎﯿﺷﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ .ﺩﺭﻭﺁﯽﻣﺭﺩ ﺶﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﯼﺯﺎﺴﻟﺪﻣ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﯼﺎﻫﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﻭ .ﯽﻗﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﻥﺭﺪﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻦﮑﯿﻟﻭ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻼﺗ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯽﺨﯾﺭﺎﺗ ﺕﺎﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺕﺎﯿﻗﻼﺧﺍ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﻮﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻦﻫﺫ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﻫﺩ ﻞﮑﺷﻪﺑ ،ﯼﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﺷﻭﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺍﺮﯾﺯ ؛ﺪﻧﺍﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺖﯿﻫﺎﻣ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺰﯿﭼ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺠﯿﺑ ﺀﺎﯿﺷﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﺑ .ﺪﻨﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺍ ﯽﻫﺎﮔ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﯽﺑ ﺎﯾ ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﯽﺑ ،ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺺﯾﺎﺼﺧ ﻥﺩﺮﺑ ﯽﻘﻠﺗ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺮﺸﺑ ﺀﺎﻨﺑﺍ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﺮﻫ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺘﻣﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﮎﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻢﻠﻋ ﮏﯾ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻀﻌﺑ ﻪﯿﮑﺗ ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﯽﺑﺎﯾﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ ﻞﯿﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ «ﻒﯿﻌﺿ» ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺍﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﮐ ﯼﺍﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻨﯿﻣﺯ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺪﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﺎﻋﺩﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻞﯿﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ ،ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﯼﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺖﯿﻨﻫﺫ ﺎﯾﺁ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﻧﺁ ﻪﺣﻭﺮﻄﻣ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﺎﺠﻨﯾﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﯼﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﺴﯾﺎﺑ ،ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ،ﺖﯿﻨﯿﻋ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻠﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺍﺮﯾﺯ ﺮﯿﺧ ﺎﯾ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺏﻮﺟﻭ ﯼﺪﯿﻠﮐ ﯼﺎﻫﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ﺖﯾﺪﻣﺎﺟ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻨﯾﺁﯽﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﯼﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ،ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﯼﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻭ ﯼﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ،ﺎﻫﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ،ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﻩﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ ﯼﺍﻩﺪﻨﯾﺍﺰﻓ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﻪﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﯼﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﺵﻭﺭ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ،ﯽﯾﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺮﺗﺭﺍﺩ ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ﯼﺎﻬﺷﻭﺭ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻫﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔﺭﺩ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ